| 
				 Scientists  
				Bios & Home Pages of 
				Famous Scientists 
				PHILIP W. 
				ANDERSON is a Nobel laureate physicist at Princeton and one 
				of the leading theorists on superconductivity. He is the author 
				of 
				
				A Career in Theoretical Physics, and 
				
				Economy as a Complex Evolving System. Beyond Edge:
				
				
				Philip W. Anderson Home Page 
				  
				
				
				http://www.newscientist.com/home.ns 
				
				
				http://www.wired.com/wired/index.html 
				
				He is author of numerous articles in scientific 
				journals on the subject of autism, and has written several books 
				including 
				Mindblindness; and 
				The Essential Difference: The Truth about the Male and Female 
				Brain. He is also author of a DVD-RoM 
				entitled Mind Reading: 
				the interactive guide to human emotions. 
				
				
				The Autism Research Centre (ARC) at Cambridge 
				
				http://www.autismresearchcentre.com/arc/default.asp 
				  
				JOHN 
				BARROW  
				
				He is the author of
				The World Within the World,
				Pi in the Sky, 
				
				Theories of Everything,
				
				The Origin of the Universe (Science Masters Series), 
				
				The Left Hand of Creation,
				
				The Artful Universe,
				
				Impossibility: The Limits of 
				Science and the Science of Limits; 
				
				Between Inner Space and Outer 
				Space; 
				and
				
				The Constants of Nature: From 
				Alpha to Omega—the Numbers That Encode the Deepest Secrets of 
				the Universe:and 
				
				
				The Constants of Nature: From 
				Alpha to Omega.     
				 
				
				Beyond Edge:
				
				John Barrow's Cambidge Homepage 
				
				
				
				http://www.damtp.cam.ac.uk/user/gr/members/barrow.html 
				  
				
				JESSE 
				BERING -  Jesse 
				Bering's Home Page 
				
				
				
				http://www.uark.edu/depts/psyc/fbering.html 
				
				  
				
				SUSAN BLACKMORE -
				
				Susan Blackmore's home page 
				
				The Meme Machine, 
				and Consciousness: An Introduction.  
				
				
				
				http://www.susanblackmore.co.uk/ 
				  
				NED 
				BLOCK 
				
				
				Ned Block's Home Page 
				
				
				
				http://www.nyu.edu/gsas/dept/philo/faculty/block/ 
				  
				PAUL 
				BLOOM -
				
				Paul Bloom Home Page  
				
				Bloom is the author of 
				How Children Learn the Meanings 
				of Words, which won the Eleanor 
				Maccoby Award from APA for Best New Book in Developmental 
				Psychology, and, most recently, 
				Descartes' Baby: How the Science 
				of Child Development Explains What Makes Us Human. 
				
				LINKS:
				
				
				NATURAL-BORN DUALISTS: A Talk with Paul Bloom 
				
				
				
				http://pantheon.yale.edu/%7Epb85/ 
				  
				
				
				DAVID M. BUSS -  David Buss' Home Page   
				He is s Professor of Psychology at the University of 
				Texas at Austin where he teaches courses in evolutionary 
				psychology and the psychology of human mating. He is the author 
				of The Dangerous Passion: Why Jealousy is as Necessary as 
				Love and Sex; The Evolution Of Desire: Strategies Of 
				Human Mating; and Evolutionary Psychology: The New 
				Science Of The Mind.  
				
				
				
				http://homepage.psy.utexas.edu/homepage/Group/BussLAB/ 
				  
				
				WILLIAM H. CALVIN, Ph.D -
				
				William Calvin's Home Page;
				
				William Calvin: Books, Articles, Talks 
				He  is a neurobiologist at 
				the University of Washington in Seattle. He is the author of a 
				dozen books, mostly for general readers, about brains and 
				evolution including The Throwing Madonna, 
				
				The Cerebral Symphony, 
				The River That Runs Uphill, 
				
				The Cerebral Code, 
				Conversations with Neil's Brain (with 
				George Ojemann), and 
				
				How Brains Think. 
				His book with Derek Bickerton, 
				
				Lingua ex Machina: Reconciling 
				Darwin and Chomsky with the Human Brainwith, 
				is about syntax. The latest, 
				
				A Brain for All Seasons:  Human 
				Evolution and Abrupt Climate Change, 
				about paleoanthropology, paleoclimate, and considerations from 
				neurobiology and evolutionary biology. It won the 2002 Phi Beta 
				Kappa book award for science. The latest is 
				
				A Brief History of the Mind: From Apes to Intellect and Beyond 
				about the mind’s big bang.  
				
				Further reading:
				
				"COMPETING FOR CONSCIOUSNESS": A Talk by William H. Calvin  
				
				
				
				http://faculty.washington.edu/wcalvin/ 
				
				  
				
				
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				LEO CHALUPA - 
				Beyond Edge:
				
				Leo Chalupa's home page 
				
				
				
				http://www.npb.ucdavis.edu/npbdirectory/chalupa.html 
				
				  
				
				MIHALYI CSIKSZENTMIHALYI -
				
				 Mihalyi Csikszentmihalyi Home Page;
				
				FlowNet 
				
				His research and theories in the 
				psychology of optimal experience have revolutionized psychology, 
				and have been adopted in practice by national leaders such as 
				Bill Clinton and Tony Blair as well as top members of the global 
				executive elite who run the world's major corporations. 
				Csikzentmihalyi is the author of several popular books about his 
				theories, the bestselling 
				
				Flow: The Psychology Of Optimal Experience; 
				The Evolving Self: A Psychology For The Third Millennium;
				
				Creativity;Finding 
				Flow; and 
				
				Good Business: Leadership, Flow and the Making of Meaning.
				The Wall Street Journal has llisted Flow among the 
				six books "every well-stocked business library should have."  
				
				
				
				http://www.npb.ucdavis.edu/npbdirectory/chalupa.html 
				  
				
				
				PAUL DAVIES is an internationally 
				acclaimed physicist, writer and broadcaster, who holds the 
				position of Professor of Natural Philosophy in the Australian 
				Centre for Astrobiology at Macquarie University, Sydney. He has held previous 
				academic appointments at the Universities of Cambridge, London, 
				Newcastle upon Tyne and Adelaide. His research interests are in 
				the fields of cosmology, quantum field theory, and astrobiology. 
				He is the author of over twenty books, including The Mind of 
				God, Other Worlds, God and the New Physics, The Edge of 
				Infinity, The Cosmic Blueprint, Are We Alone? The Fifth 
				Miracle, The Last Three Minutes, About Time, and How to 
				Build a Time Machine. 
				 
				
				Davies’s talent as a communicator 
				of science has been recognized in Australia by an Advance 
				Australia Award and two Eureka Prizes, and in the UK by the 2001 
				Kelvin Medal and Prize by the Institute of Physics, and the 2002 Faraday Prize by The Royal Society. For his contributions 
				to the deeper implications of science, Davies received the 
				Templeton Prize in 1995.  
				
				Further reading:
				
				"The Synthetic Path" in The Third Culture 
				Time Loops": A Talk with Paul Davies 
				
				
				
				http://www.edge.org/documents/ThirdCulture/za-Ch.18.html 
				
				  
				
				
				RICHARD DAWKINS 
				
				"It rapidly became clear to me that the most imaginative way of 
				looking at evolution, and the most inspiring way of teaching it, 
				was to say that it's all about the genes. It's the genes that, 
				for their own good, are manipulating the bodies they ride about 
				in. The individual organism is a survival machine for its 
				genes." 
				
				Richard Dawkins, elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society in 
				May, 2001, is a gifted writer, who is known for his 
				popularization of Darwinian ideas as well as for original 
				thinking on evolutionary theory. He has invented telling 
				metaphors that illuminate the Darwinian debate: His book The 
				Selfish Gene argues that genes-molecules of DNA-are the 
				fundamental units of natural selection, the "replicators." 
				Organisms, including ourselves, are "vehicles," the packaging 
				for "replicators." The success or failure of replicators is 
				based on their ability to build successful vehicles. There is a 
				complementarity in the relationship: vehicles propagate their 
				replicators, not themselves; replicators make vehicles. In 
				The Extended Phenotype, he goes beyond the body to the 
				family, the social group, the architecture, the environment that 
				animals create, and sees these as part of the phenotype-the 
				embodiment of the genes. He also takes a Darwinian view of 
				culture, exemplified in his invention of the "meme," the unit of 
				cultural inheritance; memes are essentially ideas, and they, 
				too, are operated on by natural selection.Richard Dawkins is an 
				evolutionary biologist and the Charles Simonyi Professor For The 
				Understanding Of Science at Oxford University; Fellow of New 
				College; author of
				The Selfish Gene,
				
				The Extended Phenotype,
				
				The Blind Watchmaker,
				
				River out of Eden (ScienceMasters Series), 
				
				Climbing Mount Improbable,
				
				
				Unweaving the Rainbow, 
				
				The Devil's Chaplain, and
				
				The Ancestor's Tale.In his role 
				as the Charles Simonyi Professor For The Understanding Of 
				Science at Oxford University, Dawkins regularly talks to the 
				public regarding his views on the wonders of science. On 
				November 12th, 1996, he delievered the Richard Dimbleby Lecture 
				on BBC1 Television in England, entitled "Science, Delusion and 
				the Appetite for Wonder." (See below).Further reading:
				
				"Science, Delusion, and the Appetite for Wonder: A Talk by 
				Richard Dawkins;
				
				"A Survival Machine" in The Third Culture 
				
				
				The World of Richard DawkinsThe Unofficial Richard Dawkins 
				Website with links to articles, papers and reviews (by John 
				Catalano) 
				
				
				
				http://www.simonyi.ox.ac.uk/dawkins/WorldOfDawkins-archive/index.shtml 
				  
				
				
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				STANISLAS DEHAENE -He is a researcher at the Institut 
				National de la Santé, studies cognitive neuropsychology of 
				language and number processing in the human brain; author of 
				
				The Number Sense: How 
				Mathematical Knowledge Is Embedded In Our Brains.  
				Further reading:
				
				
				"What Are Numbers, Really? A Cerebral Basis For Number Sense" 
				
				
				
				http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/dehaene/index.html 
				
				  
				
				TODD E. FEINBERG, M.D. is 
				Associate Professor of Neurology and Psychiatry at Albert 
				Einstein College of Medicine and Chief of the Yarmon 
				Neurobehavior and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Beth Israel Medical Center in New 
				York City. He is a member of the World Federation of Neurology 
				Research Group on Aphasia and Cognitive Disorders and on the 
				Editorial Board of the journal Neurocase. In addition to his numerous 
				scientific publications, he is co-editor of the textbook 
				
				Behavioral Neurology and Neuropsychology and author of
				Altered Egos: How the Brain Creates the Self.  
				
				  
				
				DENIS DUTTON, a philosopher, is founder and 
				editor of the highly regarded Web publication, Arts & Letters 
				Daily (www.aldaily.com). He teaches the philosophy of 
				art at the University of Canterbury, New Zealand, writes widely 
				on aesthetics. and is editor of the journal Philosophy and 
				Literature. Check out: 
				
				Arts & Letters Daily
				 
				
				
				http://www.aldaily.com/ 
				
				  
				
				DANIEL C. DENNETT -
				
				Daniel C. Dennett's Home Page 
				
				He is a philosopher and is perhaps best known in cognitive 
				science for his concept of intentional systems, and his multiple 
				drafts (or “fame in the brain”) model of human consciousness, 
				which sketches a computational architecture for realizing the 
				stream of consciousness (the “Joycean machine”) in the massively 
				parallel cerebral cortex.  
				His uncompromising computationalism has been opposed by 
				philosophers such as John Searle and Jerry Fodor who maintain 
				that the most important aspects of consciousness — 
				intentionality and subjective quality — can never be computed. 
				He is the philosopher of choice of the AI community.  
				He is also a major contributor to the understanding of the 
				conceptual foundations of evolutionary biology. In Darwin’s 
				Dangerous Idea, he argued that the “universal acid” of 
				evolutionary explanation extends well beyond biology to 
				re-conceptualize culture and science itself, and exposed some of 
				the internal conflicts and misconstruals in the contrary claims 
				of Stephen Jay Gould. Daniel C. Dennett is University Professor, 
				Professor of Philosophy, and Co-Director of the Center for 
				Cognitive Studies at Tufts University. He is the author of
				Content and Consciousness; Brainstorms; Elbow Room; The 
				Intentional Stance; Consciousness Explained; Darwin's Dangerous 
				Idea; Kinds of Minds; Brainchildren; Freedom Evolves; and
				Sweet Dreams. He co-edited The Mind's I with 
				Douglas Hofstadter and he is the author of over three hundred 
				scholarly articles on various aspects on the mind, published in 
				journals ranging from "Artificial Intelligence" and "Behavioral 
				and Brain Sciences" to "Poetics Today" and the" Journal of 
				Aesthetics and Art Criticism".  
				
				
				Further reading: 
				
				
				"Show Me the Science" , 
				
				"The Computational Perspective" ,  
				
				"The Evolution of Culture" 
				
				
				"Dennett's Deal"  &
				
				"Intuition Pumps" in The Third Culture.  
				Also 
				check out: 
				
				 
				
				
				http://ase.tufts.edu/cogstud/%7Eddennett.htm 
				
				
				Center for Cognitive Studies 
				
				Daniel C. Dennett Bibliography 
				
				
				Curriculum Vitae  
				
				
				  
				
				KEITH DEVLIN, mathematician, is a Senior Researcher at Stanford 
				University, and Executive Director of Stanford University's 
				Center for the Study of Language and Information. He is the 
				author of  
				
				Goodbye, Descartes : The End of Logic and the Search for a New 
				Cosmology of the Mind;
				
				Life by the Numbers; 
				
				The Language of Mathematics: Making the Invisible Visible;
				
				Mathematics
				
				InfoSense,  
				
				The Math Gene and 
				
				The Millennium Problems. 
				
				"I've set myself the modest task of trying to explain the broad 
				pattern of human history, on all the continents, for the last 
				13,000 years. Why did history take such different evolutionary 
				courses for peoples of different continents? This problem has 
				fascinated me for a long time, but it's now ripe for a new 
				synthesis because of recent advances in many fields seemingly 
				remote from history, including molecular biology, plant and 
				animal genetics and biogeography, archaeology, and linguistics."
				 
				
				  
				
				
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				ESTHER DYSON is editor of the computer-industry 
				newsletter, Release 1.0, a CNET Networks publication, author of 
				the book,
				
				Release 2.1: A Design for 
				Living in the Digital Age, and a 
				trustee of the Long Now Foundation. Her PC Forum conference is 
				an annual industry event. Check out:
				
				Release 1.0
				Esther Dyson on ICANN 
				
				
				http://www.icann.org/biog/dyson.htmm 
				  
				FREEMAN DYSON is professor of 
				physics at the Institute for Advanced Study, in Princeton. His professional interests are in mathematics and astronomy. Among his 
				many books are Disturbing the Universe, Infinite in All 
				Directions
				
				Origins of Life,
				
				From Eros to Gaia,
				
				Imagined Worlds, and
				
				The Sun, the Genome, and the Internet.  
				Further reading:
				
				"Progress in Religion: A Talk by Freeman Dyson" 
				  
				JARED DIAMOND is Professor of 
				Geography at the University of California, Los Angeles. Until recently he 
				was Professor of Physiology at the UCLA School of Medicine. He 
				is the author of the recently published Collapse: How 
				Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed, and the Pulitzer 
				Prize-winning author of the widely acclaimed Guns, Germs, and 
				Steel: the Fates of Human SocietiesThe 
				Third Chimpanzee, which won The Los Angeles Times 
				Book award for the best science book of 1992 and Britain's 1992 
				Rhone-Poulenc Science Book Prize; and Why is Sex Fun? (ScienceMasters 
				Series).Dr. Diamond is the recipient of a MacArthur 
				Foundation Fellowship ("Genius Award"); research prizes of the 
				American Physiological Society, National Geographic Society, and 
				Zoological Society of San Diego; and many teaching awards and 
				endowed public lectureships. In addition, he has been elected a 
				member of all three of the leading national scientific/academic 
				honorary societies (National Academy of Sciences, American 
				Academy of Arts and Sciences, American Philosophical Society). His field experience includes 17 
				expeditions to New Guinea and neighboring islands, to study 
				ecology and evolution of birds; rediscovery of New Guinea's 
				long-lost golden fronted bowerbird; other field projects in North 
				America, South America, Africa, Asia, and Australia. As a 
				conservationist he devised a comprehensive plan, almost all of 
				which was subsequently implemented, for Indonesian New Guinea's 
				national park system; numerous field projects for the Indonesian 
				government and World Wildlife Fund; founding member of the board 
				of the Society of Conservation Biology; member of the Board of 
				Directors of World Wildlife Fund/USA. Further reading:
				
				"Why Did Human History Unfold Differently On Different 
				Continents For The Last 13,000 Years?" 
				[4.23.97] 
				
				
				"Jared Diamond Awarded Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction"
				[4.15.98] 
				
				
				"Laying A Foundation For Human History" Bill Gates on Jared 
				Diamond [4.15.98] 
				
				"How to Get Rich" [6.7.99] 
				
				
				"Why Do Some Societies Make Disastrous Decisions?" [4.29.03] 
				
				
			http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/diamond03/diamond_index.html 
				  
				GEORGE DYSON 
				
				
				Baidarka: The Kayak; Darwin Among the Machines; and  
				Project Orion: The True Story of the Atomic Spaceship.  
				Further reading:"Darwin Among the Machines; or, The Origins of Artificial Life" 
				
				"CODE - George Dyson & John Brockman: A Dialogue" 
			"Goldsmith vs. Zimmerman" 
				http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/dyson_election/dyson_index.html 
				  
				CHRISTINE FINN -
				
				Christine Finn's Bradford Home Page 
				She is an 
				archaeologist and journalist; Writer-in-Residence and Honoary 
				Research Fellow in Archaeological Sciences at University of Bradfordd.  
				She is the author of 
				Artifacts: An Archaeologist's Year In Silicon Valley; and Past Poetic: archaeology 
				in the poetry of WB Yeats and Seamus Heaney.  
				
				  
				
				KENNETH W. FORD is the retired director of the American 
				Institute of Physics. He recently taught high-school physics and 
				served as science director of the David and Lucile Packard 
				Foundation. His book, 
				written with John A. Wheeler, won the 1999 American Institute of 
				Physics Science Writing Prize..  
				
				"If you asked me should people be studying physics, or chemistry 
				or biology or geology in high school, I would say it doesn't 
				make the slightest bit of difference. They should study some 
				topics, of course, but the choice is wide open ó I'm interested 
				in depth, not breadth. I'm not talking about college education; 
				I'm just taking on K to 12. What I want when kids get through a 
				K to 12 education is for them to have a sense of what their 
				society thinks is true, beautiful and good; false, ugly and 
				evil; how to think about it and how to act on the basis of your 
				thoughts."  
				  
				
				
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				HOWARD GARDNER - Beyond Edge:
				
				Howard Gardner's Home Page 
				
				 
				His numerous books include  ;  Extraordinary Minds: 
				Portraits of Four Exceptional Individuals; and 
				Changing Minds: The Art and 
				Science of Changing our Own And other People's Minds.
				Further reading on Edge:
				
				"Truth, Beauty, and Goodness: Education for All Human Beings"
				 
				
				
				http://www.howardgardner.com/ 
				
				
				  
				
				DAVID GELERNTER - "A community is not a community of disembodied spoken 
				statements, in part because the most important aspect of the 
				communication that people have is emotional, and one often 
				communicates emotion not in terms of the text but as a subtext. 
				The physical body is not irrelevant to a human community. The 
				emotional subtext of human communication is crucial to human 
				thought. It isn't a footnote. Too many computer scientists don't 
				understand this."  
				He is a professor of 
				computer science at Yale and chief scientist at Mirror Worlds 
				Technologies (New Haven. He is the author of 
				
				Mirror Worlds, 
				
				The Muse in the Machine, 
				
				1939: The Lost World of the Fair, and
				
				Drawiing a Life: Surviving the Unabomber..  
				Further reading: 
				
				"The Conservative — David Gelernter" 
				in Digerati; 
				
				"The Second Coming — A Manifesto  
				
				
				http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/gelernter/gelernter_index.html 
				  
				NEIL GERSHENFELD 
				- 
				
				 
				Neil Gershenfeld's Home Page
				
				http://web.media.mit.edu/%7Eneilg/ 
				
				
				Modern Art and rural Indian villages, the White House/Smithsonian Millennium 
				celebration and automobile safety systems, 
				
				
				Las Vegas shows and Sami reindeer 
				herds.  
				He is the author of numerous technical publications, patents, 
				and the best-selling books  When Things Start To Think,
				The Nature of Mathematical Modeling, and The 
				Physics of Information Technology, and has been featured in 
				media such as The New York Times, The Economist, CNN, and the 
				PBS. 
				
				
				
				
				PERSONAL FABRICATION: A Talk with Neil Gershenfeld
				 
				
				
				
				
				
				 
				
				
				
				
				STEVE GIDDINGS -  
				
				
				Steve Giddings Home Page 
				
				
				
				He is a theoretical physicist and adventurer residing in Santa 
				Barbara is Professor, Department of Physics, University of 
				California, Santa Barbara.  
				His fields of focus include elementary particle theory and 
				string theory, black holes, and cosmology. His outdoor pursuits 
				include rock, ice, and mountain climbing, backcountry skiing, 
				and whitewater kayaking. 
				
				  
				
				
				
				DANIEL GILBERT -
				
				Gilbert Lab Homepage 
				He is Professor of 
				Psychology at Harvard University and Director of the Social 
				Cognition and Emotion Lab. He is generally considered the 
				world's foremost authority in the fields of affective 
				forecasting and the fundamental attribution error.  
				He has published numerous 
				scientific articles and chapters, several short works of 
				fiction, and is the editor of The Handbook of Social 
				Psychology. He has been been awarded the Distinguished 
				Scientific Award for an Early Career Contribution to Psychology 
				by the American Psychological Association, fellowships from 
				both the Guggenheim Foundation and the American Philosophical 
				Society, and has been a Fellow at the Center for Advanced 
				Research in the Behavioral Sciences.  
				In 2002, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 
				listed Gilbert as one of the fifty most influential social 
				psychologists of the decade, and in 2003 one of his research 
				papers was chosen by the editors of Psychological Inquiry as 
				one of four "modern classics" in social psychology.  
				
				
				http://www.wjh.harvard.edu/%7Edtg/gilbert.htm 
				
				
				
				
				
				REBECCA GOLDSTEIN 
				-
				
				
				Rebecca Goldstein's Home Page   
				
				
				She is a 
				philosopher and novelist, who has taught at Barnard, Rutgers, and Columbia. Currently she is 
				Professor of Philosophy at Trinity College.  
				
				The 
				Mind-Body Problem, The Late-Summer Passion of a Woman of Mind, 
				The Dark Sister, Mazel, andd Properties of Light—and 
				a collection of stories—Strange Attractors. Her most 
				recent book is Incompleteness: The Proof and Paradox of Kurt 
				Gödel. 
				
				
				
				
				http://www.trincoll.edu/~rgoldste/ 
				  
				
				
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				JERRY COYNE 
				
				
				
				THE CASE AGAINST INTELLIGENT DESIGN 
				[9.1.05] 
				The Faith 
				That Dare Not Speak Its Name
				
				by Jerry Coyne 
				
				In the end, many Americans may 
				still reject evolution, finding the creationist alternative 
				psychologically more comfortable. But emotion should be 
				distinguished from thought, and a "comfort level" should not 
				affect what is taught in the science classroom. As Judge Overton 
				wrote in his magisterial decision striking down Arkansas Act 
				590, which mandated equal classroom time for "scientific 
				creationism":  
				The application and content of 
				First Amendment principles are not determined by public opinion 
				polls or by a majority vote. Whether the proponents of Act 590 
				constitute the majority or the minority is quite irrelevant 
				under a constitutional system of government. No group, no matter 
				how large or small, may use the organs of government, of which 
				the public schools are the most conspicuous and influential, to 
				foist its religious beliefs on others.
				
				http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/coyne05/coyne05_index.html 
				
				
				
				
				
				
				
				ALISON GOPNIK -
				
				 
				Alison Gopnik Bio Page;
				
				
				 
				She is a professor of 
				psychology at the University of California at Berkeley. She is an 
				international leader in the field of children’s learning and was 
				one of the first cognitive scientists to show how developmental 
				psychology could help solve ancient philosophical problems. She 
				is the coauthor (with Andrew Meltzoff) of 
				
				Words, Thoughts, and Theories, and (with Patricia Kuhl 
				and Andrew Meltzoff) of
				
				The Scientist in the Crib: Minds, Brains, and How Children 
				Learn.  
				
				
				Alison Gopnik Memory Lecture.  
				
				  
				
				JONATHAN HAIDT -
				
				
				Jonathan Haidt's Home Page;
				
				He is Associate Professor in the 
				Social Psychology area of the  Department of Psychology at the 
				University of Virginia, where he does research on morality and 
				emotion, and how they vary across cultures.  
				
				
				The Haidt Lab Group 
				
				
				http://faculty.virginia.edu/haidtlab/ 
				
				
				
				  
				
				HAIM HARARI 
				
				He is a theoretical physicist, is the Chair, Davidson 
				Institute of Science Education, and Former President, from 1988 
				to 2001, of the Weizmann Institute of Science. 
				During his years as President of the Institute, it entered 
				numerous new scientific fields and projects, built 47 new 
				buildings, raised one Billion Dollars in philanthropic money, 
				hired more than half of its current tenured Professors and 
				became one of the highest royalty-earning academic organizations 
				in the world.  
				
				Throughout all his adult life, he has made major contributions 
				to three different fields: Particle Physics Research on the 
				international scene, Science Education in the Israeli school 
				system and Science Administration and Policy Making. 
				
				
				The Davidson Institute for 
				Science Education 
				
				
				Re: The Davidson Institute 
				
				  
				
				JUDITH RICH HARRIS 
				
				She is the author 
				of The Nurture Assumption. A former writer of college 
				textbooks, Harris is a recipient of the George A. Miller Award, 
				given to the
				author of an outstanding article in psychology. She is an 
				independent scholar and theoretician whose interests include 
				evolutionary psychology, social psychology, developmental 
				psychology, and behavioral genetics.  
				
				Further reading:
				
				"Children Don't Do Things Half Way". A Talk with Judith Rich 
				Harris 
				
				Judith Rich Harris Comments on Frank J. Sulloway's Talk "How is 
				Personality Formed?" 
				The Nurture Assumption Web Site  
				
				  
				
				
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				SAM HARRIS -
				
				Sam Harris' Home Page  
				
				he is the author of 
				The End of Faith: Religion, Terror, and the Future of Reason. 
				He is a graduate in philosophy from Stanford University and has 
				studied both Eastern and Western religious traditions, along 
				with a variety of spiritual disciplines, for twenty years. Mr. 
				Harris is now completing a doctorate in neuroscience, studying 
				the neural basis of belief, disbelief, and uncertainty with 
				functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). His work has been 
				discussed in The New York Times, The Los Angeles Times, The San 
				Francisco Chronicle, The Chicago Tribune, The Economist, The 
				Guardian, The Independent, The Globe and Mail, The Toronto Star, 
				and many other journals. Mr. Harris makes regular appearances on 
				television and radio. The End of Faith won the 2005 PEN 
				Award for Nonfiction.  
				
				  
				
				
				
				MARTI HEARST -
				
				Marti Hearst's Home Page 
				 
				
				IBM Faculty Award, an Okawa Foundation Fellowship, and two student-initiated 
				Excellence in Teaching awards. He is an associate professor in SIMS, the School of Information Management and 
				Systems at UC Berkeley, with an affiliate appointment in the 
				Computer Science Division.
				 
				Her primary research interests are user interfaces and 
				visualization for information retrieval, empirical computational 
				linguistics, and text data mining. She received BA, MS, and PhD 
				degrees in Computer Science from the University of California at Berkeley, and she was a Member 
				of the Research Staff at Xerox PARC from 1994 to 1997.  
				
				Prof. Hearst is on the 
				editorial boards of ACM Transactions on Information Systems and 
				ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction and was formerly 
				on the boards of Computational Linguistics and IEEE Intelligent 
				Systems, and was the program co-chair of HLT-NAACL '03 and SIGIR 
				'99. She has received an NSF CAREER award. 
				
				
				
				
				 
				
				
				
				
				W. DANIEL (Danny) 
				HILLIS is Chairman and Chief Technology Officer of Applied 
				Minds, Inc., a research and development company creating a range 
				of new products and services in software, entertainment, 
				electronics, biotechnology and mechanical design. The company 
				also provides advanced technology, creative design and 
				consulting services to a variety of clients. 
				Previously, Hillis was Vice President, Research and Development 
				at Walt Disney Imagineering, and a Disney Fellow. He developed 
				new technologies and business strategies for Disney's theme 
				parks, television, motion pictures, Internet and consumer 
				products businesses. He also designed new theme park rides, a 
				full sized walking robot dinosaur and various micro mechanical 
				devices. Danny Hillis is an inventor, scientist, author, and 
				engineer. He pioneered the concept of parallel computers that is 
				now the basis for most supercomputers, as well as the RAID disk 
				array technology used to store large databases. He holds over 40 
				U.S. patents, covering parallel computers, disk arrays, forgery 
				prevention methods, and various electronic and mechanical 
				devices. Danny Hillis is also the designer of a 10,000-year 
				mechanical clock.  
				 
				As a student at MIT, Hillis began to study the physical 
				limitations of computation and the possibility of building 
				highly parallel computers. This work culminated in 1985 with the 
				design of a massively parallel computer with 64,000 processors. 
				He named it the Connection Machine, and it became the topic of 
				his Ph.D. He received his doctorate degree in computer science 
				from MIT in 1988. Later he was appointed adjunct professor at 
				the MIT Media Lab.  
				 
				In 1983, while he was finishing up his degree at MIT Hillis 
				co-founded Thinking Machines Corp. to produce and market the 
				Connection Machine. The company's customers included American 
				Express, Dow Jones, Schlumberger, Stanford University, Harvard 
				University, the University of Tokyo, the Los Alamos National 
				Laboratory and NASA. He continued to lead Thinking Machines' 
				technical team until 1995 when he left to start a small 
				consulting company, DHSH. One of DHSH's clients was The Walt 
				Disney Company, and in 1996 Hillis joined Disney full time in 
				the newly created role of Disney Fellow.  
				 
				Thinking Machines Corp. was the leading innovator in massive 
				parallel supercomputers and RAID disk arrays. In addition to 
				conceiving and designing the company's major products, Hillis 
				worked closely with his customers in applying parallel computers 
				to problems in astrophysics, aircraft design, financial 
				analysis, genetics, computer graphics, medical imaging, image 
				understanding, neurobiology, materials science, cryptography and 
				subatomic physics. At Thinking Machines, he built a technical 
				team comprised of scientists and engineers that were widely 
				acknowledged to have been among the best in the industry.  
				 
				Dr. Hillis has published scientific papers in journals such as
				Science, Nature, Modern Biology, Communications of the 
				ACM and International Journal of Theoretical Physics and 
				he is an editor of several other scientific journals, including
				Artificial Life, Complexity, Complex Systems, Future 
				Generation Computer Systems and Applied Mathematics. 
				He has also written extensively on technology and its 
				implications for publications such as Newsweek, Wired, Forbes 
				ASAP and Scientific American. He recently published 
				his second book, ,The 
				Pattern On The Stone: The Simple Ideas That Make Computers Work (ScienceMasters Series), in 
				which he explains the basic ideas that make computers work.  
				 
				Dr. Hillis has worked as a consultant to many companies 
				developing technology-related business strategies, including 
				AT&T, Xerox, Kodak, Schlumberger, IBM and Hewlett-Packard, as 
				well as smaller companies such as Screaming Media, Ejemoni, 
				Alexa Internet, and Direct Medical Knowledge. He has served on 
				numerous company boards, and was named as part of Upside 
				Magazine's "Dream Team" board of directors. He is also an 
				adviser to the U.S. government, and serves on the Presidential 
				Information Technology Advisory Committee.  
				 
				Hillis is co-chairman of
				
				The Long Now Foundation, 
				a member of the Science Board of the Santa Fe Institute, the 
				SETI Institute's Technical Advisory Committee, the Advisory 
				Board of Yale's Institute for Biospheric Studies, the National 
				Academy of Engineering, and the board of the Hertz Foundation. 
				Dr. Hillis is the recipient of numerous awards, including the 
				Spirit of American Creativity Award for his inventions, the 
				Hopper Award for his contributions to computer science and the 
				Ramanujan Award for his work in applied mathematics. He is a 
				Fellow of the Association of Computing Machinery, a Fellow of 
				the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and a Fellow in the 
				International Leadership Forum.  
				  
				Besides his professional interests, Hillis is also an 
				enthusiastic student carpenter, skier, hiker, tennis player, 
				scuba diver, surveyor, geologist, perfume-maker and helicopter 
				pilot. He is not particularly skilled at any of these, but he 
				has fun. He and his wife Pati home school their three children, 
				Asa, Noah, and India in Los Angeles, California.
				 
				
				
				
				Further reading: 
				
				
				"How We Will Learn" 
				
				
				"The Mountain and the Clock By Stewart Brand 
				
				
				"Danny Hillis Wind $1,000,000 Dan David Prize" 
				
				
				"How Democracy Works (Or Why Perfect Elections Should All End In 
				Ties)" 
				
				"Special Relativity: Why Can't You Go Faster Than Light?" 
				"The Clock of The Long Now" A Talk With Stewart Brand 
				
				Close to the Singularity" in 
				
				The Third Culture 
				
				(Chapter 23) 
				
				
				"The Genius" in 
				
				Digerati 
				(Chapter 13)  
				
				
				Essays by Danny Hillis 
				
				  
				
				
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				DONALD D. HOFFMAN -
				
				
				Donald Hoffman's Home Page 
				
				He is a Professor of 
				Cognitive Science, University of California, Irvine and author of Visual 
				Intelligence: How We Create What We See and coauthor of 
				Observer Mechanic: A Formal Theory Of Perception. 
				He received the Troland Research Prize of the US National 
				Academy of Sciences and the Early Career Award of the American 
				Psychological Association. 
				
				
				
				  
				
				
				
				JOHN HORGAN -
				
				John Horgan's Home Page 
				
				He is a science writer, 
				oversees the science writings program at the Stevens Institute 
				of Technology. He was a senior writer at Scientific American 
				from 1986 to 1997. He has also written for the New York 
				Times, Washington 
				Post, New Republic, Slate, London Times, 
				Times Literary Supplement 
				among other publications.
				 
				
				
				"My claim is that science is a 
				bounded enterprise, limited by social, economic, physical and 
				cognitive factors. Science is being threatened, literally, in 
				some cases, by technophobes like the Unabomber, by animal-rights 
				activists, by creationists and other religious fundamentalists, 
				by post-modern philosophers and, most important of all, by 
				stingy politicians. " 
				 
				
				He is the author of 
				
				The End of Science;The 
				Undiscovered Mind;and 
				
				Rational Mysticism: 
				Dispatches from the Border Between Science and Spirituality.  
				
				Further reading:
				
				"Why I Think Science Is Ending" A Talk With John Horgan; 
				
				
				"The End of Horgan?"  &
				
				"In Defense of Common Sense" 
				
				
				  
				
				VERENA HUBER-DYSON  
				
				She is a emeritus 
				professor of the Philosophy department of the University of 
				Calgary, Alberta Canada, where she taught graduate courses on 
				the Foundations of Mathematics, the Philosophy and Methodology 
				of the sciences.  Before the Vietnam war she was an 
				associate professor in the Mathematics department of the 
				University of Illinois. She taught in the Mathematics department at the University of California in Berkeley, and was part of 
				Tarski's Group in Logic and the Methodology of Science.  Her 
				research, in interface between Algebra and Logic, (Tarski and 
				Novosibirsk Style) is concerned with undecidability in Group 
				theory. 
				She is the author or a monograph, Gödel's theorems: a 
				workbook on formalization, which is based on her experience 
				of teaching graduate courses and seminars on mathematical 
				logic, formalization and its limitations to mathematics, 
				philosophy and interdisciplinary students at the Universities of 
				Calgary, Zürich and Monash. She lives in Berkeley, California.  
				
				Further Reading:
				
				"On The Nature of Mathematical Concepts: Why and How do 
				Mathematic ians Jump to Conclusions?" by Verena Huber-Dyson   
				& 
				
				"The Nature of Mathematical Truth II": A Talk with Verena 
				Huber-Dyson 
				
				
				
				
				  
				
				NICHOLAS HUMPHREY.- home page -
				
				www.humphrey.org.uk  
				
				He is a  
				Professor at the London School of Economics and Professor of 
				Psychology at the New School for Social Research is a 
				theoretical psychologist, internationally known for his work on 
				the evolution of human intelligence and consciousness. His 
				interests are wide ranging: He studied mountain gorillas with 
				Dian Fossey in Rwanda; was the first to demonstrate the 
				existence of "blindsight" after brain damage in monkeys; 
				proposed the now celebrated theory of the "social function of 
				intellect"; and is the only scientist ever to edit the literary 
				journal Granta.  
				His books include Consciousness Regained, The Inner 
				Eye, A History of the Mind, Leaps of Faith, 
				and The Mind Made Flesh. He has been the recipient of 
				several honours, including the Martin Luther King Memorial 
				Prize, and the British Psychological Society‚s book award.  
				
				Further Reading::
				
				"The Thick Moment" in The Third Culture &
				
				
				"What Shall We Tell the Children?" (Amnesty Lecture, Oxford, 
				21st February 1997)
				&
				
				"Scientific Shakespeare"
				 
				
				
				  
				PIET HUT -
				
				Piet Hut's Home Page,  
				He is a  professor of astrophysics at the Institute for 
				Advanced Study, in Princeton. He is involved in the project of 
				building GRAPEs, the world's fastest special-purpose computers, 
				at Tokyo University, and he is also a founding member of the 
				Kira Institute and of the B612 Foundation.  
				
				
				GRAPEs;
				
				Kira Institute; &
				
				B612 Foundation 
				
				  
				
				STUART A. KAUFFMAN 
				
				He is a emeritus 
				professor of biochemistry at the University of Pennsylvania, is a theoretical 
				biologist who studies the origin of life and the origins of 
				molecular organization. He is a MacArthur Fellow and an external 
				professor at the Santa Fe Institute. Thirty-five years ago, he 
				developed the Kauffman models, which are random networks 
				exhibiting a kind of self-organization that he terms "order for 
				free." Dr. Kauffman was the founding general partner and chief 
				scientific officer of The Bios Group, a company (acquired in 
				2003 by NuTech Solutions) that applies the science of complexity 
				to business management problems. He is the author of The 
				Origins of Order, Investigations, and At Home in the 
				Universe: The Search for the Laws of Self-Organization.  
				
				Further Reading::
				
				Chapter 20:"Order for Free" in The Third Culture;
				 
				
				
				A Possible Solution For The Problem Of Time In Quantum Cosmology 
				By Stuart Kauffman and Lee Smolin  & 
				"THE 
				ADJACENT POSSIBLE" 
				A Talk with Stewart Kauffman 
				 
				  
				
				
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				DR. ALAN KAY 
				
				His is President of Viewpoints Research Institute, Inc., and Senior 
				Fellow at Hewlett Packard Labs and is best known for the ideas 
				of personal computing, the intimate laptop computer, and the 
				inventions of the now ubiquitous overlapping-window interface 
				and modern object-oriented programming. His deep interests in 
				children and education were the catalysts for these ideas, and 
				they continue to be a source of inspiration to him. 
				
				One of the founders of the Xerox 
				Palo Alto Research Center, (PARC) he led one of the several 
				groups that together developed modern workstations (and the 
				forerunners of the Macintosh), Smalltalk, the overlapping window 
				interface, Desktop Publishing, the Ethernet, Laser printing, and 
				network "client-servers." 
				
				Prior to his work at Xerox, Dr. 
				Kay was a member of the University of Utah ARPA research team that developed 3-D graphics. There he earned a doctorate 
				(with distinction) in 1969 for the development of the first 
				graphical object-oriented personal computer. He holds 
				undergraduate degrees in mathematics and molecular biology from 
				the University of Colorado. Kay also participated in the original design of the ARPANet, which 
				later became the Internet. 
				
				After Xerox PARC, Kay was Chief 
				Scientist of Atari, a Fellow of Apple Computer for 12 years, and 
				then for 5 years Vice President of Research and Development at 
				The Walt Disney Company. In 2001 he founded Viewpoints Research 
				Institute, a non-profit organization located in Glendale, CA., 
				and in 2002 he joined the Hewlett-Packard Co. as a Senior 
				Fellow. 
				
				Dr. Kay has received numerous 
				honors, including the ACM Software Systems Award, the ACM 
				Outstanding Educator Award, the J-D Warnier Prix D'Informatique 
				and the NEC 2001 C&C Prize. He has been elected a Fellow of the 
				American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the National Academy of 
				Engineering, the Royal Society of Arts, and the Computer Museum 
				History Center. He is a recipient of the ZeroOne Award from the 
				University of Berlin, and recently received an 
				honorary doctorate degree from the Royal Institute of Technology 
				(KTH). He was inducted into the Utah Information Technology 
				Association (UITA) as a "Hall of Fame Member, November 2003. He 
				was awarded the Draper Prize by the National Academy of 
				Engineering in May 2004 and has recently been given an 
				appointment as Sr. Scientist with the Division of Information 
				Technology at the University of Wisconsin - Madison. In June of 2004 He was 
				accorded the Turing award from the Association for Computing 
				Machinery; Also in June of 2004 he was declared a Kyoto Prize 
				Laureate in advanced technology by the Inamori Foundation. 
				
				A former professional jazz 
				guitarist, composer, and theatrical designer, he is now an 
				amateur classical pipe organist. 
				Viewpoints Research Institute 
				
				
				
				 
				
				
				
				
				KEVIN KELLY - 
				 Official Kevin Kelly Website; 
				
				
				 
				
				He has helped launch 
				Wired magazine in 1993. Wired is a widely available 
				magazine that reports on the culture of technology. Kelly served 
				as its Executive Editor until January 1999. He is now 
				Editor-At-Large for Wired. In 1994 and 1997, during 
				Kelly's tenure, Wired won the National Magazine Award for 
				General Excellence (the industry's equivalent of two Oscars). 
				Previously, Kelly was editor and publisher of the Whole Earth 
				Review, an small-circulation magazine reporting on 
				unorthodox technical and cultural news. He is the author of
				
				Out of Control: The New Biology of Machines, Social 
				Systems, and the Economic World;
				
				
				New Rules for the New Economy;and 
				
				Asia Grace. 
				Kelly's writing has appeared in many national and international 
				publications such as the New York Times, The Economist, Time, 
				Harpers, Science, GQ, and Esquire.  
				
				Instead of going to college he 
				went to Asia as a photographer. His photographs have appeared in
				Life and other national magazines. He has no college or 
				university degrees. 
				
				He is passionate about:
				
				All Species Inventory; & he is currently involved in:
				Long 
				Bets; & 
				
				Asia Grace 
				Website 
				
				
				
				
				 
				
				
				
				
				STEPHEN M. KOSSLYN - I think, ... there ... 
				4am!"
				
				
				 
				
				He is a Professor of Psychology at Harvard 
				University, has published over 200 papers on the nature of 
				visual mental imagery. He has received numerous honors, 
				including the National Academy of Sciences Initiatives in 
				Research Award and the Prix Jean-Louis Signoret, and was elected 
				to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Society of 
				Experimental Psychologists. His books include Image and Mind; 
				Ghosts in the Mind's Machine; Elements of Graph Design; Wet 
				Mind: The New Cognitive Neuroscience; Image and Brain: The 
				Resolution of the Imagery Debate; and Psychology: The 
				Brain, the Person, the World.  
				Kosslyn is a Fellow of the American Psychological Association, 
				the American Psychological Society, and the American Association 
				for the Advancement of Science, and has served on several 
				National Research Council committees to advise the government on 
				new technologies. He is also co-founder of the Journal of 
				Cognitive Neuroscience.
				
				Kosslyn Laboratory  
				
				
				  
				
				
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				JARON LANIER -
				
				The Jaron Lanier Home Page
				He is a computer scientist and musician, is a pioneer of 
				virtual reality, and founder and former CEO of VPL. He is 
				currently the lead scientist for the National Tele-Immersion 
				Initiative, and visiting scientist, SGI.  Further reading::
				
				Chapter 17, "The Prodigy," in Digerati
				
				& 
				
				"ONE HALF A MANISFESTO"   & 
				
				"WHY GORDIAN SOFTWARE HAS CONVINCED ME TO BELIEVE IN THE REALITY 
				OF CATS AND APPLES" 
				 
				
				
				The National Tele-Immersion Initiative 
				
				
				
				
				  
				
				KAI KRAUSE  
				
				He has a doctorate in 
				philosophy, a masters in image processing, a patent for 
				interface concepts, a Clio for the first StarTrek movie 
				and a Davis Medal by the Royal British Photographical Society. 
				Time magazine selected him as one of the 50 most 
				influential thinkers of the next decade.   
				
				Born 1957 in Germany, he studied 
				languages and math at a Gymnasium and the music conservatory for 
				classical piano. In 1976 he left for California, consulted on 
				synthesizers and vocoders on about 30 records and movies. He 
				sold his entire machinery to Neil Young in 1982 and over the 
				next 20 years started several software companies to build 
				computer graphics tools. Over 20 products from Kai's Power Tools 
				for Photoshop to Bryce (and many more like Poser, Raydream, 
				InfiniD, Painter, LivePicture, Convolver) came out of MetaTools 
				and MetaCreations, the effects being ubiquitous everywhere on CD 
				covers, MTV videos, the Oscars and the Mars Mission, Issey Myake 
				clothing or his Absolut Kai ads. 
				
				The real success of the software 
				was in pioneering revolutionary interfaces, deeper concepts of 
				realtime interaction, and aethetic designs of organic shapes, 
				rounded edges, soft shadows and layers which are now many years 
				later standard parts of OSX and XP. 
				
				Meta went to Nasdaq in 1995 for 
				several hundred million in value, but Kai left Santa Barbara for 
				his next idea: he acquired a 1000-year-old castle on the Rhein 
				river, dubbed Byteburg, where he and a small team are developing 
				his next generation software project, code-named "TimeDoubler", 
				for release later in 2004. He also founded an incubator for 
				small Startups with space for about 200 people in a second 
				water-castle near Cologne. 
				
				He is still maintaining a "press 
				embargo" (but its not that hard to find him;) 
				
				Edge 
				readers know him as a TED Fellow, DEMO God and Billionaire 
				Dinner guest.  
				
				
				
				
				
				  
				
				LAWRENCE M. KRAUSS -
				Lawrence 
				Krauss Home Page 
				
				He is a  Ambrose Swasey Professor of Physics and 
				chairman of the Physics Department of Case Western Reserve 
				University, is the author of The Fifth Essence,
				
				Quintessence, 
				
				Fear of Physics, 
				
				The Physics of Star Trek, 
				
				Beyond Star Trek, &
				
				Atom: A Single Oxygen Atom's Odyssey from the Big Bang to 
				Life on Earthand Beyond.  
				
				  
				
				LEON M. LEDERMAM - 
				
				Leon M. Lederman Science Information Center 
				
				He is the director 
				emeritus of Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, has received 
				the Wolf Prize in Physics (1982), and the Nobel Prize in Physics 
				(1988). In 1993 he was awarded the Enrico Fermi Prize by 
				President Clinton. He is the author of several books, including 
				(with David Schramm) 
				
				From Quarks to the Cosmos : Tools of Discovery, and 
				(with Dick Teresi) 
				
				The God Particle: If the Universe Is the Answer, What Is the 
				Question?  
				
				
				The Story of Leon; 
				
				
				  
				
				
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				RAY KURZWEIL - 
				
				 http://www.kurzweilai.net/index.html?flash=2 
				
				
				
				He was the principal developer of the first omni-font 
				optical character recognition, the first print-to-speech reading 
				machine for the blind, the first CCD flat-bed scanner, the first 
				text-to-speech synthesizer, the first music synthesizer capable 
				of recreating the grand piano and other orchestral instruments, 
				and the first commercially marketed large vocabulary speech 
				recognition. Ray has successfully founded, developed, and sold 
				four AI businesses in OCR, music synthesis, speech recognition, 
				and reading technology. All of these technologies continue today 
				as market leaders. Ray Kurzweil received the $500,000 
				Lemelson-MIT Prize, the world's largest award in invention and 
				innovation. He also received the 1999 National Medal of 
				Technology, the nation's highest honor in technology, from 
				President Clinton in a White House ceremony. He has also 
				received scores of other national and international awards, 
				including the 1994 Dickson Prize (Carnegie Mellon University's 
				top science prize), Engineer of the Year from Design News, 
				Inventor of the Year from MIT, and the Grace Murray Hopper Award 
				from the Association for Computing Machinery. He has received 
				ten honorary Doctorates and honors from three U.S. presidents. 
				He has received seven national and international film awards.
				 
				He is the author of The Age of Intelligent Machines; The Age 
				of Spiritual Machines, When Computers Exceed Human Intelligence;
				The Singularity Is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology; 
				and coauthor (with Terry Grossman, M.D.) of Fantastic 
				Voyage: Live Long Enough to Live Forever.  
				
				Further reading:
				
				"ONE HALF OF AN ARGUMENT;
				
				"THE 
				SINGULARITY "   & "The 
				Intelligent Universe" & "The 
				Singularity" 
				
				
				
				
				
				  
				
				JANNA LEVIN - Beyond Edge:
				
				Janna Levin's Website 
				
				She is a Professor of 
				Physics and Astronomy at Barnard College of Columbia University. 
				She received a BA in physics and astronomy with a concentration 
				in philosophy from Barnard, a PhD from MIT in the Center for 
				Theoretical Physics, and subsequently worked at the Canadian 
				Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics (CITA) and the Center for 
				Particle Astrophysics (CfPA) at the University of California, Berkeley before moving to 
				England. There she held an Advanced Fellowship at the University 
				of Cambridge in the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics 
				(DAMTP). Just prior to returning to the states she was awarded a 
				Fellowship from the National Endowment for Science Technology 
				and Arts to be a scientist-in-residence at the Ruskin School of 
				Fine Art and Drawing in
				Oxford. She has worked on theories of the Early Universe, Chaos, 
				and Black Holes. She is the author of How The Universe Got 
				Its Spots: Diary Of A Finite Time In A Finite Space.  
				
				We have to put emotion back into the brain and integrate it with 
				cognitive systems. We shouldn't study emotion or cognition in 
				isolation, but should study both as aspects of the mind in its 
				brain.  
				  
				
				
				JOSEPH LEDOUX 
				- 
				
				LeDoux Lab: Center for Neural Science Home Page 
				
				He is a neuroscientist and Professor at the Center for 
				Neural Science, New York University, 
				seeks a biological rather than psychological understanding of 
				our emotions. He explores the differences between emotional 
				memories (implicit--unconscious--memories) processed in pathways 
				that take information into the amygdala, and memories of emotion 
				(explicit--conscious--memories) processed at the level of the 
				hippocampus and neocortex. Joseph LeDoux has written the most 
				comprehensive examination to date of how systems in the brain 
				work in response to emotions, particularly fear. Among his 
				fascinating findings is the work of amygdala structure within 
				the brain. He is the author of 
				
				The Emotional Brain: The Mysterious Underpinnings of Emotional 
				Life, & 
				
				Synaptic Self: How Our Brains Become Who We Are; 
				coauthor (with Michael Gazzaniga) of 
				
				The Integrated Mind, and editor with W. Hirst of 
				
				Mind and Brain: Dialogues in Cognitive Neuroscience.
				
				 
				
				Further reading:
				
				
				"Parallel Memories: Putting Emotions Back Into The Brain" — A 
				Talk With Joseph LeDoux   
				
				 
				
				
				
				SETH LLOYD 
				-
				
				Seth Lloyd's Home Page 
				
				He is a Professor of 
				Mechanical Engineering at MIT and a principal investigator at 
				the Research Laboratory of Electronics. He is also adjunct 
				assistant professor at the Santa Fe Institute. He works on 
				problems having to do with information and complex systems from 
				the very small—how do atoms process information, how can you 
				make them compute, to the very large — how does society process 
				information? And how can we understand society in terms of its 
				ability to process information?  
				
				His seminal work in the fields of 
				quantum computation and quantum communications — including 
				proposing the first technologically feasible design for a 
				quantum computer, demonstrating the viability of quantum analog 
				computation, proving quantum analogs of Shannon's noisy channel 
				theorem, and designing novel methods for quantum error 
				correction and noise reduction — has gained him a reputation as 
				an innovator and leader in the field of quantum computing. Lloyd 
				has been featured widely in the mainstream media including the 
				front page of The New York Times, The LA Times, 
				The Washington Post, The Economist, Wired, 
				The Dallas Morning News, and The Times (London), 
				among others. His name also frequently appears (both as writer 
				and subject) in the pages of Nature, New Scientist,
				Science and Scientific American. 
				
				Further reading: 
				
				"SETH LLOYD: How Fast, How Small, and How Powerful? Moore's Law 
				and the Ultimat Laptop"  & 
				
				"The Computational Universe"  &
				"The Universe Is A Computer" in
				Nature 
				
				
				  
				
				
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				BENOIT MANDELBROT-
				
				
				
				Benoit Mandelbrot's Home Page
				
				He is the Sterling 
				Professor of Mathematical Sciences at Yale University and IBM Fellow 
				Emeritus (Physics) at the IBM T.J. Watson Research Center. 
				He is best known as the founder of fractal geometry which 
				impacts mathematics, diverse sciences, and arts, and is best 
				appreciated as being the first broad attempt to investigate 
				quantitatively the ubiquitous notion of roughness. He is the 
				author of The Fractal Geometry of Nature; Fractals and 
				Scaling In Finance; and (with Richard L. Hudson) The 
				Misbehavior of Markets.
				 
				
				Further Reading:
				
				"A Theory of Roughness: A Talk with Benoit Mandelbrot" 
				
				  
				
				GARY F. MARCUS -
				
				
				Gary Marcus' Home Page 
				
				He is an Associate 
				Professor at the Department of Psychology at New York University 
				and Director of the NYU Infant Language Center. His 
				research on language acquisition and computational modeling has 
				been published in journals such as Science, Cognition, 
				and Cognitive Psychology. He is the author of The 
				Algebraic Mind: Integrating Connectionism and Cognitive Science 
				and The Birth of the Mind: How a Tiny Number of Genes 
				Creates the Complexities of Human Thought.  
				
				 Further readinge:"Language, Biology, and the Mind: a Talk with Gary Marcus" 
				
				  
				
				LYNN 
				MARGULIS -
				
				
				Lynn Margulis' home page 
				
				She is a  Distinguished University Professor in the Department 
				of Geology at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. She is the author of 
				Symbiotic Planet, The Origin of Eukaryotic Cells, Early 
				Life, and Symbiosis in Cell Evolution. She is also 
				the coauthor, with Karlene V. Schwartz, of Five Kingdoms: An 
				Illustrated Guide to the Phyla of Life on Earth and with 
				Dorion Sagan of Acquiring Genomes, Microcosmos, 
				Origins Of Sex, and Mystery Dance.  
				
				  
				
				JOHN 
				McCARTHY -
				
				
				John McCarthy's Home Page 
				
				He is a  Professor of Computer Science at Stanford 
				University. A pioneer in artificial intelligence, McCarthy 
				invented LISP, the preeminent AI programming language, and frst 
				proposed general-purpose time sharing of computers. He 
				identifies common-sense rules that determine the consequences of 
				events and codifies these rules, along with other information, 
				as sentences in the symbolic languages of AI databases.  
				
				  
				
				
				PAMELA McCORDUCK -  
				
				She is the author or coauthor of seven published 
				books, among them the classic Machines Who Think, which 
				has recently been reissued in a 25th Anniversary edition; The 
				Fifth Generation, Aaron's Code, The Universla Machine,
				and coauthor with Nancy Ramsey of The Futures Of Women: 
				Scenarios for the 21st Century.  
				
				  
				
				IAN 
				McEWAN -
				
				The Official Ian McEwan Website (IanMcEwan.com )  
				
				He is a novelist whose works have earned him worldwide 
				critical acclaim. Among them are the Somerset Maugham Award in 
				1976 for his first collection of short stories First Love, 
				Last Rites; Whitbread Novel Award (1987) and Prix Fémina 
				Etranger (1993) for The Child in Time; and Germany's 
				Shakespeare Prize in 1999. He has been short-listed for the Book 
				Prize for Fiction three times, winning the award for 
				Amsterdam 
				in 1998. His novel Atonement received the 
				
				W.H. Smith 
				Literary Award (2002), National Book Critics' Circle Fiction 
				Award (2003), Los Angeles Times Prize for Fiction (2003), and 
				the Santiago Prize for the European Novel (2004).McEwan 
				currently lives in London. His latest novel, Saturday, 
				is based on a day in the life of a brain surgeon. 
				
				  
				
				
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				JOHN MCWHORTER-  
				
				He is a linguist, 
				cultural commentator, is a Senior Fellow, Manhattan Institute. He is the author of 
				Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and Music and 
				Why We Should, Like, Care. He was widely consulted by the 
				media during the Oakland Ebonics controversy of 1997, and has 
				written a book on dialects and Black English, The Word on the 
				Street. He is also the author of Authentically Black, The 
				Power of Babel,
				and Losing the 
				Race: Self-Sabotage in Black America and has written two 
				books on creoles. He has also taught on the history of black 
				musical theatre. 
				He has written on race issues for City Journal, The 
				New Republic, The Wall Street Journal, and The 
				Washington Post, and appeared on Dateline NBC, 
				Politically Incorrect, Talk of the Nation, and Good 
				Morning America. Further reading: 
				
				"The Demise of Affimative Action at Berkeley": An Essay by John 
				McWhorter  
				
				
				  
				
				
				THOMAS METZINGER -
				
				Thomas Metzinger's Home Page 
				 
				
				He is a Professor of Philosophy and director of the 
				Theoretical Philosophy Group at the Johannes 
				Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Germany. Widely considered to be 
				the foremost European philosopher of mind, he is the author of 
				three books, most recently Being No One: the Self-Model 
				Theory of Subjectivity, and the editor of a number of 
				collections of essays and papers, including Conscious 
				Experience; and Neural Correlates of Consciousness. 
				In addition to cognition and selfhood, his research interests 
				include ethics, particularly the conceptual connections between 
				applied ethics, the philosophy of mind, and anthropology.) 
				 
				
				  
				
				
				OLIVER MORTON - 
				 
				
				He is a freelance writer, and a contributing editor 
				at Wired and Newsweek International. He used to 
				edit Wired UK, and previously worked at The Economist, 
				spending almost five years as Science and Technology Editor. He 
				is the author of
				
				Mapping Mars. 
				 
				
				  
				
				
				
				
				 
				DAVID G. MYERS 
				- 
				
				David G. Myers Home Page.
				
				He is the John Dirk Werkman Professor 
				of Psychology at Hope College and author of
				
				The Pusuit of Happiness, &
				
				The American Paradox: 
				Spiritual Hunger in an Age of Plenty; & 
				
				Intuition: It's Powers and 
				Perils. Further reading:
				
				"What Questions are on Psychologists' Minds Today?" David G. Myers. 
				 
				
				
				  
				
				
				RANDOLPH NESSE, M.D. 
				-
				
				Randolph Nesse's Home Page
				
				 
				
				He is Professor of Psychiatry, Director, ISR Evolution and Human 
				Adaptation Program, The University of Michigan and coauthor 
				(with George C. Williams) of Why We Get Sick: The New Science 
				of Darwinian Medicine. LINKS: 
				
				Is the Market on Prozac?  
				
				  
				
				MARTIN NOWAK -  
				
				He is a Professor of Biology and Mathematics at Harvard 
				University. He is Director of the newly founded Center for 
				Evolutionary Dynamics, for which Harvard obtained a donation of 
				$30 million. Nowak studied biochemistry and mathematics at the 
				University of Vienna where he received his 
				Ph-D in 1989. Afterwards, he went to Oxford to work with Robert 
				May. Nowak became Professor of Mathematical Biology at the 
				University of Oxford at the age of 32. In 1998 
				he moved to Princeton to establish the first 
				research program in Theoretical Biology at the Institute for 
				Advanced Study. In July 2003, Nowak was recruited by Harvard 
				University. Nowak is a member of the Austrian Academy of 
				Sciences. He has won several prizes including the Weldon 
				Memorial Prize. Nowak has made important discoveries in a number 
				of fields related to evolutionary biology. He has studied 
				evolutionary dynamics of virus infections and cancer 
				progression. He has pioneered the mathematical approach for the 
				evolution of human language. Nowak invented spatial reciprocity 
				and stochastic game dynamics of finite populations. Nowak and 
				Sigmund have cooperated for many years. Their work led to 
				concepts like Generous Tit-for-tat, Win-stay, lose-shift and 
				indirect reciprocity. They are co-authors of numerous papers in
				Nature, Science and Scientific American. Nowak 
				has published more than 200 papers. His first book, Virus 
				Dynamics (together with Robert May) is a technical 
				monograph describing the mathematical analysis of virus 
				infection and immunology.  
				
				
				
				 
				
				
				
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				JAMES J. O'DONNELL - 
				
				The James J. O'Donnell Website. 
				
				 
				
				He is the Provost of Georgetown University. From 1981-2002, he 
				was a member of the faculty of the University of Pennsylvania. 
				He is the author of Avatars of the Word: From Papyrus to 
				Cyberspace.  
				He has published widely on the cultural history of the late 
				antique Mediterranean world and is a recognized innovator in the 
				application of networked information technology in higher 
				education. In 1990, he co-founded Bryn Mawr Classical Review, 
				the second on-line scholarly journal in the humanities ever 
				created. In 1994, he taught an Internet-based seminar on the 
				work of Augustine of Hippo that reached 500 students. 
				 
				
				  
				
				ALEX (SANDY) PENTLAND -
				
				Sandy Pentland's MIT Home Page 
				
				He is a pioneer in wearable computers, health systems, smart 
				environments, and technology for developing countries. He is one 
				of the most-cited computer scientists in the world. 
				He is a co-founder of the Wearable Computing research community, 
				the Autonomous Mental Development research community, the Center 
				for Future Health,  the international Digital Nations 
				Consortium, and was the founding director of the Media Lab Asia.     
				He was formerly the Academic Head of the MIT Media Laboratory, 
				and is the Toshiba Professor of Media Arts and Sciences.  
				He has won numerous international awards in the Arts, Sciences 
				and Engineering. He was chosen by Newsweek as one of 
				the 100 Americans most likely to shape the next century. 
				He currently directs the Human Dynamics research group at the 
				MIT Media Lab.  
				
				 
				IRENE PEPPERBERG -
				
				Irene Pepperberg's Media Lab page 
				
				She studies Grey 
				parrots. The main focus of her work is to determine the 
				cognitive and communicative abilities of these birds, and 
				compare their abilities with those of great apes, marine 
				mammals, and young children. She is studying the mechanisms of 
				their learning as well as the outcomes. Dr. Pepperberg is a a 
				research scientist at the MIT School of Architecture and 
				Planning, and a Research Associate Professor in the Department 
				of Psychology at Brandeis University. Links:
				
				"That Damn Bird: A Talk with Irene Pepperberg"   
				& 
				
				The Alex Foundation  
				
				  
				
				
				STEVE PETRANEK is the 
				editor-in-chief of Discover Magazine. -  
				
				
				
				Discover 
				
				
				
				 
				
				CLIFFORD PICKOVER 
				-
				
				Clifford Pickover Home Page 
				
				He is 
				a research staff member at IBM's T. J. Watson Research Center, 
				in Yorktown Heights, New York. He is the holder of more than a 
				dozen patents dealing with computer interfaces, and he has 
				written some twenty books on a broad range of topics, including
				Time : A Traveler's Guide, Surfing Through Hyperspace : Understanding Higher Universes in 
				Six Easy Lessons, Black Holes : A Traveler's Guide, Future 
				Health : Computers and Medicine in the 21st Century, Keys to 
				Infinity, The Science of Aliens, The Paradox of God and the 
				Science of Omniscience; 
				Calculus and Pizza: A Math Cookbook for the Hungry Mind. 
				Pickover's primary interest is in finding 
				new ways to expand creativity by melding art, science, 
				mathematics, and other seemingly disparate areas of human 
				endeavor. His Internet Web site has attracted nearly two hundred 
				thousand visitors.   
				
				 
				STEVEN PINKER -
				
				 Steven Pinker's Home Page 
				
				He is the Johnstone 
				Family Professor in the Department of Psychology at Harvard 
				University. Until 2003, he taught in the Department of Brain and 
				Cognitive Sciences at MIT. He conducts research on language and 
				cognition, writes for publications such as the New York 
				Times, Time, and Slate, and is the author of six 
				books, including The Language Instinct, How the Mind Works, 
				Words and Rules, and The Blank Slate. Pinker serves on 
				numerous editorial and advisory boards, including the Usage 
				Panel of The American Heritage Dictionary and the 
				scientific advisory board for "The Decade of Behavior." He has 
				won many prizes for his books (including the William James Book 
				Prize three times, the Los Angeles Times Science Book 
				Prize, and the Eleanor Maccoby Book Prize), his research 
				(including the Troland Research Prize from the National Academy 
				of Sciences and the Early Career Award from the American 
				Psychological Association), and his graduate and undergraduate 
				teaching. He is also a Humanist Laureate and the recipient of 
				three honorary doctorates. 
				"A 
				Biological Understanding of Human Nature" & "The 
				Science of Gender and Science" 
				Pinker vs. Spelke -
				A Debate Opening Comments 
				 
				"The 
				Science of Gender and Science" 
				
				Pinker vs. Spelke -
				A Debate Opening Comments  
				"The 
				Science of Gender and Science" 
				Pinker vs. Spelke -
				A Debate 
				
				Further reading:
				
				"Language Is a Human Instinct" in The Third Culture 
				[1995]  
				
				
				"Organs of Computation": A Talk 
				with Steven Pinker  
				
				"The Two Steves: A Debate": Steven Rose vs. Steven Pinker  
				&
				
				"A Biological Understanding of Human Nature: A Talk with Steven 
				Pinker"  & "The 
				Science of Gender and Science" 
				
				  
				
				
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				JORDAN POLLACK - 
				Jordan Pollack's home page 
				
				He is a computer science and complex systems 
				professor at Brandeis University. His laboratory's work on AI, 
				Artificial Life, Neural Networks, Evolution, Dynamical Systems, 
				Games, Robotics, Machine Learning, and Educational Technology 
				has been reported on by the New York Times, Time, Science, 
				NPR, Slashdot.org and many other media sources worldwide. 
				Jordan is a prolific inventor, advises several startup companies 
				and incubators, and in his spare time runs Thin Mail, an 
				Internet based service designed to increase the usefulness of 
				wireless email.   
				
				Further reading:
				
				"Software As a Cultural Solvent" 
				 
				
				
				Dynamical and Evolutionary Machine Organization (DEMO) 
				Laboratory, Brandeis University
				 
				
				  
				
				ROBERT R. PROVINE -  
				
				He is Professor of Psychology and Neuroscience at 
				the University of Maryland, Baltimore County where he 
				studies the development and evolution of the nervous system. The 
				walkie-talkie theory is presented in his book 
				
				Laughter: A Scientific Investigation.There are two types 
				of cosmologists active today: those who seek the physical 
				principles driving the global properties of the Universe, and 
				those who concentrate on the details of astrophysical objects, 
				like galaxies, quasars, and black holes, that give complementary 
				information about structure at smaller distances. Martin Rees is 
				one of the few cosmologists exploring both venues, giving him a 
				unique perspective from which to develop scientific ideas, and 
				to synthesize known ideas for a broader audience.  
				
				  
				
				DR. 
				CAROLYN C. PORCO -
				
				http://ciclops.org/index.php?flash=1 
				
				She received her PhD degree in 1983 from the 
				California Institute of Technology in the Division of Geological 
				and Planetary Sciences, having completed her doctoral 
				dissertation on Voyager discoveries in the rings of Saturn. In 
				the fall of 1983, she joined the faculty in the Department of 
				Planetary Sciences within the University of Arizona; the same year she was made a member of the Voyager Imaging Team. In 
				the latter capacity, she participated heavily in the Voyager 
				encounters with Uranus in 1986 and Neptune in 1989, leading the 
				Rings Working Group within the Voyager Imaging Team during the 
				latter encounter. In November 1990, she was selected as the 
				leader of the Imaging Team for the Cassini mission to Saturn, an 
				international mission that has successfully placed a spacecraft 
				in orbit around Saturn, and deployed an atmospheric probe to 
				Saturn's largest satellite, Titan. She is also an imaging 
				scientist on the Pluto/Kuiper Belt mission, New Horizons, which 
				will launch to Pluto in 2006.She is currently a Sr. Research 
				Scientist at the Space Science Institute in Boulder, Colorado, 
				an Adjunct Professor in the Department of Planetary Sciences at 
				the University of Arizona, and an Adjunct Professor at the 
				University of Colorado in Boulder. She has taught both graduates 
				and undergraduates and was one of 5 finalists for the University 
				of Arizona Honors Center `Five Star Faculty Award', a 
				campus-wide student-nominated, student-judged award for 
				outstanding undergraduate teaching.She has been an active 
				participant in guiding the American planetary exploration 
				program through membership on several important NASA advisory 
				committees, including the Solar System Exploration Subcommittee, 
				the Mars Observer Recovery Study Team, and the Solar System Road 
				Map Development Team. She served as the chaiperson for a small 
				NASA advisory working group to study and develop future outer 
				solar system missions and she recently served as the Vice Chair 
				of the Steering Group for the Solar System Decadal Survey, 
				sponsored by the National Academy of Sciences and NASA. 
				
				Dr. 
				Porco, currently a regular CNN guest analyst and consultant on 
				astronomy, has made many radio and television appearances 
				explaining science to the layman, including appearances on the
				MacNeil/Lehrer Newshour, CBS' 60 Minutes, and TV 
				documentaries on planetary exploration such as "Cosmic Journey: 
				The Voyager Interstellar Mission and Message" on A&E, and "The 
				Planets" on The Discovery Channel. She was a strong and visible 
				defendant of the usage of radioactive materials on the Cassini 
				spacecraft. She is currently a regular CNN on-camera guest 
				analyst and consultant on astronomy .Dr. Porco has also given 
				many newspaper and magazine interviews, and has been profiled 
				eight times in print, beginning in 1989 (Boston Globe, 
				October, 1989), in the New York Times (August 1999), in 
				the Tucson Citizen (2001 ), and most recently in 
				Newsday (June 2004). She was a member of a committee chaired 
				by Carl Sagan in 1994 entitled "Public Communication of NASA's 
				Science." Her popular scientific writings have been published in 
				the London Sunday Times, the Guardian, 
				Astronomy Magazine and the Arizona Daily Star. She 
				continues to be active in the presentation of science to the 
				public as the leader of the Cassini Imaging team. She is the 
				creator/editor of the team's CICLOPS website (ciclops.org) where 
				Cassini images are posted, and writes the site's home page 
				opening greeting to the public.She is also the CEO of Diamond 
				Sky Productions, a small company devoted to the scientific, as 
				well as artful, use of planetary images and computer graphics 
				for the presentation of science to the public.Dr. Porco was 
				responsible for the epitaph and proposal to honor the late 
				renowned planetary geologist, Eugene Shoemaker, by sending his 
				cremains to the Moon aboard the Lunar Prospector spacecraft in 
				1998.In late 1999, she was selected by the Sunday London 
				Times as one of 18 scientific leaders of the 21st century, 
				and by Industrial Week as one of "50 Stars to Watch".Her 
				contributions to the exploration of the outer solar system were 
				recently recognized with the naming of Asteroid (7231) Porco: 
				"Named in honor of Carolyn C. Porco, a pioneer in the study of 
				planetary ring systems...and a leader in spacecraft exploration 
				of the outer solar system." 
				
				  
				
				
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				SIR 
				MARTIN REES -  
				
				He is a Royal Society Professor at Cambridge University, 
				Fellow of King's College, the UK's Astronomer Royal, and a 
				Fellow of the Royal Society. He is the author of about 500 
				research papers, and widely acknowledged as one of the world's 
				leading astronomers and cosmologists.SIR MARTIN REES is Royal 
				Society Professor at Kings College, Cambridge and the UK Astronomer 
				Royal. He was previously Plumian Professor of Astronomy and 
				Experimental Philosophy at Cambridge, having been elected to 
				this chair at the age of thirty, succeeding Fred Hoyle. He has 
				originated many key cosmological ideas: for example, he was the 
				first to suggest that the fantastically energetic cores of 
				quasars may be powered by giant black holes. For the last twenty 
				years, he has directed a wide-ranging research program at 
				Cambridge's Institute of Astronomy. He is the author of several books, including Gravity's Fatal 
				Attraction (with Mitchell Begelman); New Perspectives in 
				Astrophysical Astronomy; Before the Beginning : Our Universe and 
				Others; Just Six Numbers: The Deep Forces that Shape the 
				Universe; Our Cosmic Habitat; and Our Final Hour: A 
				Scientist's Warning: How Terror, Error, and Environmental 
				Disaster Threaten Humankind's Future in this Century—on Earth 
				and Beyond (published in the UK as Our Final Century: 
				The 50/50 Threat to Humanity's Survival). 
				
				Martin Rees: The Bruce Medalist 
				LINKS: 
				
				 "Living In a Multiverse"  
				& 
				
				"The Ultra Early Universe"   &
				"An Ensemble of Universes," Ch.15 in The Third Culture  
				
				  
				
				HOWARD RHEINGOLD - 
				
				Howard Rheingold's Home Page 
				
				He fell into the 
				computer realm from the typewriter dimension, then plugged his 
				computer into his telephone and got sucked into the net. In 
				earlier years, his interest in the powers of the human mind led 
				to Higher Creativity, written with Willis Harman, 
				Talking Tech and The Cognitive Connections with 
				Howard Levine Excursions to the Far Side of the Mind: A Book 
				of Memes ), Exploring the World of Lucid Dreaming , 
				with Stephen LaBerge, and They Have A Word For It: A 
				Lighthearted Lexicon of Untranslatable Words and phrases. 
				"I ventured further into the territory where minds meet 
				technology, via the subject of computers as mind-amplifiers, and 
				wrote Tools for Thought . Next, Virtual Reality 
				chronicled my odyssey in the world of artificial experience, 
				from simulated battlefields in Hawaii to robotics laboratories 
				in Tokyo, garage inventors in Great Britain, and simulation 
				engineers in the south of France. "In 1985, I became involved in 
				the WELL, a computer conferencing system. I started writing 
				about life in my virtual community and ended up with a book 
				about the cultural and political implications of a new 
				communications medium, The Virtual Community. In 1993 I 
				had the privilege of being the editor of The Whole Earth 
				Review and editor in chief of The Millennium Whole Earth 
				Catalog. In 1994, I was one of the principal architects and 
				the first Executive Editor of HotWired. I quit after 
				launch, because I wanted something more like a jam session than 
				a magazine. In 1996, I founded and, with the help of a crew of 
				15, launched "Electric Minds". I've become a professional 
				virtual community builder, as well. My new book is Smart 
				Mobs: The Next Social Revolution.  
				
				"You can see
				
				my painted shoes, if you'd like." 
				
				Further reading:
				
				"Howard Rheingold: Smart Mobs"  &
				
				"The Citizen" in Digerati  
				
				  
				
				
				CARLO ROVELLI -
				
				Carlo Rovelli's Home Page 
				
				He is a theoretical physicist, working on quantum 
				gravity and on foundations of spacetime physics. He is professor 
				of physics at the University of the Mediterraneum in Marseille, France and member of the 
				Intitut Universitaire de France. He is the author of Quantum 
				Gravity and (in Italian) Cos'e' il tempo? Cos'e' lo 
				Spazio?  
				
				  
				
				RUDY RUCKER - Rudy 
				Rucker's Home Page  
				
				He is a mathematician, computer 
				scientist; CyberPunk pioneer; and novelist. His books include
				
				Infinity and the Mind,
				
				Spaceland: A Novel of the Fourth Dimension,
				
				Freeware, &
				
				White Light.  
				
				  
				
				KARL 
				SABBAGH -  
				
				He is a writer and television producer with 25 years of 
				experience describing complex events and subjects for a 
				nonspecialist audience. His programs for the BBC and PBS have encompassed physics, medicine, psychology, philosophy, 
				technology, and anthropology. Two of his television projects 
				have been accompanied by best-selling books: The Living Body
				and
				
				Skyscraper. Sabbagh has written numerous articles for 
				newspapers and magazines, including The Sunday Times, 
				New Scientist, The Listener, and Punch. He has 
				also hosted a regular BBC radio series called Science Now. His other books include 
				
				21st Century Jet: The Making and Marketing of the Boeing 777;
				
				A Rum Affair: A True Story of Botanical Fraud; & 
				
				The Riemann Hypothesis: The Greatest Unsolved Problem in 
				Mathematics.  
				
				  
				
				
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				DOUGLAS RUSHKOFF 
				-
				
				Doulgas Ruskoff 's Home Page 
				
				He analyzes the way people, cultures, and 
				institutions create, share, and influence each other's values. 
				He sees "media" as the landscape where this interaction takes 
				place, and "literacy" as the ability to participate consciously 
				in it. Rushkoff is the author of eight 
				best-selling books on new media and popular culture, that have 
				been translated into over 20 languages, including Cyberia, 
				Media Virus, Playing the Future, Coercion: Why We Listen to What 
				"They" Say, Nothing Sacred: The Truth About Judaism, 
				and the novels Ecstasy Club, and Exit Strategy.
				 
				His writes essays and commentaries for NPR's All Things 
				Considered, Time Magazine, and CBS Sunday Morning. Rushkoff 
				lectures about media, art, society, and change at conferences 
				and universities around the world. He hosts and writes 
				documentaries for PBS, Channel Four, and the BBC. Rushkoff's 
				award-winning Frontline documentary "The Merchants of Cool" was 
				one of the most watched and most talked about documentaries of 
				the year. 
				
				He has served as an professor of 
				virtual culture at New York University's Interactive 
				Telecommunications Program for the past four years, as an 
				Advisor to the United Nations Commission on World Culture, on 
				the Board of Directors of the Media Ecology Association and the 
				Center for Cognitive Liberties and Ethics, and as a founding 
				member of Technorealism. He is a Senior Fellow of the Markle 
				Foundation, and a Center for Global Communications Fellow of the 
				International University of Japan.He regularly appears on TV 
				shows from NBC Nightly News and Frontline to Larry King and 
				Politically Incorrect. Rushkoff writes for magazines and 
				newspapers including Time, The Guardian, Esquire, 
				Paper, GQ and The Silicon Alley Reporter, and 
				developed the Electronic Oracle software series for 
				HarperCollins Interactive. Further reading: 
				
				"The Thing That I Call Doug" 
				
				  
				
				
				ROBERT SAPOLSKY 
				-
				
				Robert Sapolsky Home Page 
				 
				
				He is a professor of biological 
				sciences at Stanford University and of neurology at Stanford's 
				School of Medicine. He is also a research associate at the 
				National Museums of Kenya. While his primary research, on stress 
				and neurological disease, is in the laboratory, for twenty-three 
				years he has made annual trips to the Serengeti of East Africa 
				to study a population of wild baboons and the relationship 
				between personality and patterns of stress-related disease in 
				these animals. His latest book, A Primate's Memoir, grew 
				out of the years spent in Africa. He is also the author of 
				Stress, the Aging Brain, and the Mechanisms of Neuron Death, 
				and two books for nonscientists, The Trouble With 
				Testosterone and Other Essays on the Biology of the Human 
				Predicament and Why Zebras Don't Get Ulcers: A Guide to 
				Stress, Stress-Related Diseases and Coping.
				 
				
				LINKS: 
				
				
				A BOZO OF A BABOON: A Talk with 
				Robert Sapolsky 
				 
				
				  
				
				JEAN 
				PAUL SCHMETZ - 
				 
				
				He is the Managing Director of CyberLab Interactive 
				Productions GmbH, a subsidiary of the Burda Media Group and a 
				Member of the Executive Board of Burda New Media GmbH.
				 
				
				  
				
				STEPHEN H. SCHNEIDER -  
				Stephen H. Schneider's Home Page 
				
				He is a 
				climatologist, is Professor in the Biological Sciences 
				Department at Stanford University and the Former Department 
				Director and Head of Advanced Study Project at the National 
				Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder. He is internationally 
				recognized as one of the world's leading experts in atmospheric 
				research and its implications for environment and society. Dr. 
				Schneider's books include The Genesis Strategy: Climate 
				Change and Global Survival; The Coevolution Of Climate and Life 
				and Global Warming: Are We Entering The Greenhouse Century?;
				and 
				
				Laboratory Earth  
				
				  
				
				ROGER SCHANK - 
				
				 
				Roger Schank, is currently 
				Distinguished Career Professor at the School of Computer Science, 
				Carnegie-Mellon University, and Chief Education Officer, 
				Carnegie Mellon West. He is the former Chairman and 
				Chief Technology Officer for
				
				Cognitive Arts and was the founding Director of the 
				Institute for the Learning Sciences at Northwestern 
				University since its founding in 1989. He held three faculty 
				appointments at Northwestern University as John Evans Professor 
				of Computer Science, Education, and Psychology. Previously, he was 
				Professor of Computer Science and Psychology at Yale University and Director of the 
				Yale Artificial Intelligence Project.ÝHe was also a visiting 
				professor at the University of Paris VII, a faculty member at Stanford 
				University, and research fellow at the Institute for Semantics 
				and Cognition in Switzerland. In addition, Dr. Schank is 
				a fellow of the AAAI, the founder of the Cognitive Science 
				Society, and co-founder of the Journal of Cognitive Science. One of the world's leading 
				Artificial Intelligence researchers, Dr. Schank is the author of 
				more than 125 articles and publications.Ý His books include: 
				Dynamic Memory: A Theory of Learning in Computers and People , 
				Tell Me a Story: A New Look at Real and Artificial Memory, The 
				Connoisseur's Guide to the Mind, and Engines for Education. 
				His newest book is 
				
				Virtual Learning: A Revolutionary Approach to Building a Highly 
				Skilled Workforce.  
				
				Further reading:"Information 
				is Surprises" — in The Third Culture 
				
				
				"The Disrespected Student — or — The Need for the Virtual 
				University": A Talk with Roger Schank. 
				
				 
  
				
				
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				GINO 
				SEGRE  -
				
				
				Gino Segre's Home 
				Page 
				 
				
				He is a professor of Physics and Astronomy at the University 
				of Pennsylvania. HE was born in 
				Florence, Italy and raised in Florence 
				and New York City.He has been a visiting professor at M.I.T. and 
				Oxford, chair of the Physics and Astronomy Department of the 
				University of Pennsylvania from 1987 until 
				1992 and Director of Theoretical Physics at the National Science 
				Foundation in 1995. He is the author of A Matter of Degrees: 
				What Temperature Reveals About the Past and Future of Our 
				Species, Planet, and Universe.   
				
				  
				
				MARTIN E.P. SELIGMAN, Ph.D -
				
				Martin Seligman Upenn Home Page 
				
				Martin E.P. Seligman, 
				Ph.D., works on learned helplessness, depression, and on 
				optimism and pessimism. He is currently Fox Leadership Professor 
				of Psychology in the Department of Psychology at the University 
				of Pennsylvania. He is well known in academic and clinical 
				circles and is a best-selling author.  
				His bibliography includes twenty books and 200 articles on 
				motivation and personality. Among his better-known works are 
				Learned Optimism; The Optimistic Child; Helplessness; Abnormal 
				Psychology, Authentic Happiness, and coauthor of 
				The Classification of Strengths and Virtues. 
				Dr. Seligman's research and writing has been broadly supported 
				by a number of institutions including The National Institute of 
				Mental Health  (continuously since 1969), the National Institute 
				of Aging, the National Science Foundation, the Guggenheim 
				Foundation, and the MacArthur Foundation. His research on 
				preventing depression received the MERIT Award of the National 
				Institute of Mental Health in 1991. He is the network director 
				of the Positive Psychology Network and Scientific Director of 
				the Telos Project of the Mayerson Foundation.  
				In 1996 Dr. Seligman was elected President of the American 
				Psychological Association.  
				
				LINKS: 
				
				"EUDAEMONIA, THE GOOD LIFE": A Talk with Martin Seligman  
				&
				
				Authentic Happiness Coaching  &
				
				The Authentic Happiness Website  &
				
				The Martin Seligman Research Alliance 
				
				  
				
				TERRENCE J. SEJNOWSKI -
				
				Terrence Sejnowksi Home Page;
				 
				
				He is a pioneer in Computational Neurobiology, 
				is regarded by many as one of the world's most foremost 
				theoretical brain scientists. He is Professor, Salk Institute; 
				Investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute; and Professor of 
				Biology and Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego,  
				He is coauthor of The Computational Brain;Thalamocortical 
				Assemblies: How Ion Channels, Single Neurons and Large-Scale 
				Networks Organize Sleep Oscillations; and most recently 
				coauthor (with Steven Quartz) of Liars, Lovers, and Heroes: 
				What the New Brain Science Reveals About How We Become Who We 
				Are. 
				
				Compututional Neurobiology Lab (CNL)  
				
				  
				
				RUPERT SHELDRAKE -
				
				
				Rupert Sheldrake Online 
				
				He is a biologist and author of The Sense of 
				Being Stared At, And Other Aspects of the Extended Mind; 
				Dogs That Know When Their Owners Are Coming Home, And Other 
				Unexplained Powers of Animals; The Rebirth of Nature; 
				and Seven Experiments That Could Change the World, as 
				well as many technical papers in scientific journals. He is 
				currently a Fellow of the Institute of Noetic Sciences. He lives in 
				London.
				 
				
				  
				
				
				MICHAEL SHERMER - 
				
				He s the Founding Publisher of Skeptic 
				magazine, the Director of the Skeptics Society, a monthly 
				columnist for Scientific American, the host of the 
				Skeptics Lecture Series at Caltech, and the co-host and producer 
				of the 13-hour Fox Family television series, Exploring the 
				Unknown. Shermer is the author of How We Believe: The 
				Search for God in an Age of Science, Why People Believe Weird 
				Things, Teach Your Child Science, and The 
				Borderlands of Science : Where Sense Meets Nonsense. He is 
				the co-author of Denying History: Who Says the Holocaust 
				Never Happened and Why Do They Say It?; Teach Your Child Math 
				and Mathemagics; and In Darwin's Shadow: The Life and 
				Science of Alfred Russel Wallace: A Biographical Study on the 
				Psychology of History; and Science Friction.He has 
				appeared on such shows as 20/20, Dateline, 
				Charlie Rose, Tom Snyder, Donahue, Oprah,
				Sally, Lezza, Unsolved Mysteries, and other 
				shows, as well as on documentaries aired on A & E, Discovery, 
				and The Learning Channel. 
				
				The Skeptics Society  
				
				  
				
				CHARLES SIMONYI -  
				
				He is a Cofounder of 
				Intentional Software Corporation, a software engineering company 
				dedicated to assisting software developers in capturing the 
				tremendous latent value that is usually lost in the design and 
				development process. Simonyi formerly worked as 
				Director of Application Development, Chief Architect, and most 
				recently, Distinguished Engineer at Microsoft Corporation. He 
				joined Microsoft in 1981 to start the development of 
				microcomputer application programs and hired and managed teams 
				who developed Microsoft Excel, Multiplan, Word, and other 
				applications. In 1991, he moved on to Microsoft Research where 
				he focused on Intentional Programming, an ecology for 
				abstractions which strives for maximal reuse of components by 
				separating high level intentions from implementation detail. 
				Before coming to Microsoft, Simonyi worked at Xerox Palo Alto Research Center 
				developing Bravo, the first WYSIWYG (what you see is what you 
				get) editor. Born in Budapest, Hungary, Simonyi holds a BS 
				degree in engineering mathematics from the University of California at Berkeley, and a Ph.D. in computer science from Stanford. Further
				Reading:
				
				Intentional Programming: A Talk with Charles Simonyi  &
				
				CODE II — Farmer & Simonyi: A Reality Club Dialogue 
				
				
				Intentional Software Company 
				
				  
				
				
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				Dr. JOHN R. SKOYLES -  
				
				He is a 
				Graduate, London School of Economics;Postgraduate, University 
				College London; and Former MRC funded neuroscience researcher 
				who is a researcher in the evolution of human intelligence in 
				the light of recent discoveries about the brain. 
				His projects and papers include Origins of modern cognition;The 
				alphabet and the origins of Western Civilization; Phones are a 
				vocal imitation code; Left to right of history; Popper studies; 
				Consciousness; Autism; Data-archiving; Self-sustaining 
				situations and money; Greek Art; Memory headers; Brain size IQ 
				and human evolution; Religion and mind viruses; Humanistic 
				morality; Reading and neural networks; Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis. While a first-year student at LSE, published a theory of the origins of 
				Western Civilization in Nature. He is the author (with 
				Dorion Sagan) of
				
				Up From Dragons: The Evolution of Human Intelligence.
				& 
				
				Up From Dragons
				Website  
				
				  
				
				LEE SMOLIN -
				 
				
				He is a theoretical physicist, is a 
				founding member and research physicist at the Perimeter 
				Institute in Waterloo Canada. He is the author of The Life of 
				The Cosmos and Three Roads to Quantum Gravity. 
				"What is space and what is time? This is what the problem of 
				quantum gravity is about. In general relativity, Einstein gave 
				us not only a theory of gravity but a theory of what space and 
				time are--a theory that overthrew the previous Newtonian 
				conception of space and time. The problem of quantum gravity is 
				how to combine the understanding of space and time we have from 
				relativity theory with the quantum theory, which also tells us 
				something essential and deep about nature." 
				 
				Further reading:
				
				"A Theory of the Whole Universe" in The Third Culture 
				
				
				"A Possible Solution For The Problem Of Time In Quantum 
				Cosmology" by Stuart Kauffman and Lee Smolin
				
				"Loop Quantum Gravity: Lee Smolin" & 
				
				Perimeter Institute 
				
				  
				
				ELIZABETH SPELKE -
				
				Laboratory for Developmental Studies, Harvard University 
				
				She teaches at 
				Harvard University, where she is Professor of Psychology and 
				Co-Director of the Mind, Brain, and Behavior Initiative. 
				She studies the origins and nature of knowledge of objects, 
				persons, space, and number, by assessing behavior and brain 
				function in human infants, children, human adults and non-human 
				animals. A member of the National Academy of Sciences and the 
				American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and cited by Time 
				Magazine as one of America's Best in Science and Medicine, her 
				honors include the Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award 
				of the American Psychological Association and the William James 
				Award of the American Psychological Society.  
				
				Further reading:
				"The 
				Science of Gender and Science"   
				
				  
				
				MARIA SPIROPULU -
				
				Maria Spiropulu's Home Page  &
				
				The Official Maria Spiropulu Appreciation Page  
				
				She is a physicist, is currently at 
				CERN. She has been working at the Tevatron with UCSB and was an 
				Enrico Fermi Fellow at the EFI/University of Chicago. Spiropulu 
				finished her Ph.D. in physics at Harvard working at the Collider 
				Detector at Fermilab (CDF) onsupersymmetric searches. Previously 
				she worked at CERN's DELPHI and in Berlin's BESSY. Among other 
				research topics she is interested in collider signatures of 
				supersymmetry and extra dimensions. 
				 
				
				  
				
				TOM 
				STANDAGE -  
				
				was born in London and studied engineering and computer 
				science at Oxford University. He has covered 
				science and technology for a number of newspapers and magazines, 
				including The Guardian, The Daily Telegraph, Wired and 
				Prospect, and is now Technology Editor at The Economist. 
				He is the author of three books, The Victorian Internet, The
				Neptune File 
				and The Turk, and takes a particular interest in the 
				social and cultural impact of technology. 
				
				  
				
				PAUL STEINHARDT -
				
				Paul Steinhardt's Home Page  
				
				He is the Albert 
				Einstein Professor in Science and on the faculty of both the 
				Departments of Physics and Astrophysical Sciences at Princeton 
				University. He is one of the leading theorists responsible for 
				inflationary theory. He constructed the first workable model of 
				inflation and the theory of how inflation could produce seeds 
				for galaxy formation. He was also among the first to show 
				evidence for dark energy and cosmic acceleration, introducing 
				the term "quintessence" to refer to dynamical forms of dark 
				energy. With Neil Turok, he has pioneered mathematical and 
				computational techniques which decisively disproved rival 
				theories of structure formation such as cosmic strings. He made 
				leading contributions to inflationary theory and to our 
				understanding of the origin of the matter-antimatter asymmetry 
				in the Universe. Hence, the authors not only witnessed but also 
				led firsthand the revolutionary developments in the standard 
				cosmological model caused by the fusion of particle physics and 
				cosmology in the last 20 years. Further reading:
				
				The Cyclic Universe: Paul Steinhardt 
				
				
				Paul Steinhardt: Research Description 
				
				  
				
				
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				BRUCE STERLING -
				
				The Bruce Sterling Online Index — a guide to every Bruce 
				Sterling work on the web 
				
				He was born in 1954 
				in Brownsville, Texas. His grandfather was a 
				rancher, his father an engineer. Sterling, purportedly a 
				novelist by trade, actually spends most of his time aimlessly 
				messing with computers, modems, and fax machines. He and his 
				wife Nancy have a daughter Amy, born in 1987. They live in 
				Austin, Texas.   
				
				Sterling sold his first science 
				fiction story in 1976. His solo novels include Schismatrix 
				(1985), Islands In The Net (1988), Heavy Weather 
				(1994), and Holy Fire (1996). In 1986 he edited 
				Mirrorshades: The Cyberpunk Anthology. His two collections 
				of short stories are Crystal Express (1989) and 
				Globalhead (1992). In 1990 he and William Gibson published 
				their collaborative 'steampunk' novel The Difference Engine. 
				 
				
				1992 saw the appearance of 
				Sterling's first nonfiction book, The Hacker Crackdown: Law 
				And Disorder On The Electronic Frontier, a work of 
				investigative journalism exploring issues in computer crime and 
				civil liberties. Sterling released the entire text of the book 
				on the Internet as non-commercial "literary freeware," and 
				maintains a long-term interest in electronic user rights and 
				free expression. Other nonfiction work by Sterling has appeared 
				in The New York Times, Newsday, Whole Earth 
				Review, Details, Mondo 2000, bOING bOING, 
				and Wired.   
				
				He has also written SF criticism 
				for Science Fiction Eye and Monad, and regular 
				columns for Interzone and The Magazine of Fantasy & 
				Science Fiction. He has been a member of the Science Fiction 
				and Fantasy Writers of America ever since Salman Rushdie was 
				condemned by religious fanatics.   
				
				His latest book is entitled
				
				Tomorrow Now: Envisioning the Next 50 Years.  (adapted from the press bio in Globalhead, with other 
				sources)  
				
				  
				
				LEONARD SUSSKIND - 
				
				Leonard Susskind Home Page 
				
				He has been the Felix Bloch 
				Professor in theoretical physics at Stanford University since 
				1978. He is a member of the National Academy of Science and the 
				American Academy of Arts and Sciences, recipient of numerous 
				prizes including the science writing prize of the American 
				Institute of Physics for my Scientific American article on black 
				holes.  
				His contributions to physics include the discovery of string 
				theory, the theory of quark confinement, the development of 
				Hamiltonian lattice gauge theory, the theory of scaling 
				violations in deep inelastic electroproduction, the theory of 
				symmetry breaking sometimes known as "Technicolor theory", the 
				first theories of cosmological baryogenisis apart from 
				Sakharov's work which was unknown in the west, the string theory 
				of black hole entropy, the principle of "black hole 
				complementarity", the holographic principle, the matrix 
				description of M-theory, the introduction of holographic entropy 
				bounds in cosmology, the idea of a string theory "landscape".
				 
				He has written numerous articles for the non-specialist 
				including an award winning article on black holes in the 
				Scientific American, 
				a recent rather long "cover story" article on the "Anthropic 
				Landscape of String theory" in the 
				New Scientist 
				and an article on the status of String theory in 
				Physics World. 
				 
				Further reading:THE LANDSCAPE: A Talk with 
				Leonard Susskind 
				
				  
				
				NASSIM NICHOLAS TALEB -
				
				Nassim Nicholas Taleb's Home Page 
				
				He is an 
				essayist and mathematical trader. He is interested in the 
				epistemology of randomness and the multidisciplinary problems of 
				uncertainty and knowledge, particularly in the large-impact 
				hard-to-predict rare events ("Black Swans"). Taleb is Dean's 
				Professor in the Sciences of Uncertainty, Isenberg School of 
				Management, University of Massachusetts, Amherst & 
				Chairman, Empirica LLC. Taleb held senior trading 
				positions with trading houses in New York and London and 
				operated as a floor trader before founding Empirica LLC. His 
				degrees include an MBA from the Wharton School and a Ph.D. from 
				the University of Paris. He is the author of 
				Dynamic Hedging and Fooled by Randomness (2nd 
				Ediition, published April 9th). He considers himself an Edge 
				Activist — a member of the "literary and empirical community of 
				scientists-philosophers".
				 
				
				Links: 
				
				
				"LEARNING TO EXPECT THE UNEXPECTED" 
				 
				
				  
				
				
				TIMOTHY TAYLOR -  
				
				He teaches in the Department of Archaeological 
				Sciences, University of Bradford, UK, and 
				conducts research on the later prehistoric societies of 
				southeastern Europe. He regularly publishes in 
				international journals, including Scientific American, 
				Nature, The American Journal of Archaeology, Antiquity, World 
				Archaeology, and Current Anthropology. He is the 
				author of 
				
				The Prehistory of Sex: Four Million Years of Human Sexual 
				Culture, and
				
				The Buried Soul. He has been instrumental in 
				popularizing archaeology on television, acting as a researcher 
				on several BBC programs including "The Blood of the British" and 
				presenting his work on "Down to Earth" in an episode that won 
				the British Archaeological Award for best popular archaeology on 
				TV. He is currently conducting the excavation of a Bronze Age 
				burial site — Barney's Hole — in a newly discovered cave in the 
				Yorkshire Dales. 
				
				  
				
				
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				ARNOLD TREHUB -  
				
				He is adjunct professor of psychology at the 
				University of Massachusetts, Amherst. He has been the 
				director of a laboratory devoted to psychological and 
				neurophysiological research and is the author of The 
				Cognitive Brain.  
				
				  
				
				ROBERT TRIVERS' -
				
				Robert Trivers' Home Page 
				 
				
				His scientific work has concentrated on two areas, 
				social theory based on natural selection (of which a theory of 
				self-deception is one part) and the biology of selfish genetic 
				elements (which leads to certain kinds of internal genetic 
				conflicts). His early work—offering unifying theories on 
				reciprocal altruism, parental investment, sexual selection, 
				parent-offspring conflict, the sex ratio, and deceit and 
				self-deception—has now been cited more than 7000 times in the 
				scientific literature. His work on selfish genetic elements has 
				appeared in several articles. 
				He is the author of Social Evolution, Natural Selection and 
				Social Theory: Selected Papers of Robert Trivers.Trivers is 
				a frequent, featured speaker at international academic meetings 
				(e.g. "Selfish genetic elements and social behavior", 1st 
				William Hamilton Memorial Lecture, 9th International Conference 
				of Behavioral Ecologists, McGill University, Montreal, CA, July 
				10, 2002, audience of 750) or as University guest (e.g. 
				Distinguished Visiting Lecturer, U of Texas, Austin, April, 
				2003).
				He was cited in a special Time issue as one of the 100 
				greatest thinkers and scientists of the 20th Century. Further 
				reading:
				
				Robert Trivers: A FULL-FORCE STORM WITH GALE WINDS BLOWING 
				
				  
				
				J. CRAIG VENTER- Beyond Edge:
				
				The J. Craig Venter Institute 
				
				He is one of leading 
				scientists of the 21st century for his visionary contributions 
				in genomic research. He is founder and president of the J. Craig 
				Venter Institute and the J. Craig Venter Science Foundation. The 
				Venter Institute conducts basic research that advances the 
				science of genomics; specializes in high volume genome 
				sequencing, and explores the ethical and policy implications of 
				genomic discoveries and advances. The J. Craig Venter Science 
				Foundation supports both the Venter Institute and The Institute 
				for Genomic Research (TIGR), an affiliated research organization 
				led by Claire M. Fraser, Ph.D. Venter founded TIGR in 1992. 
				
				Key Accomplishments: 
				
				• While on faculty at the 
				National Institutes of Health, Venter developed expressed 
				sequence tags or EST’s, a revolutionary new strategy for 
				discovering genes.  
				• In 1992, he founded The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR). 
				There, he and his team decoded the genome of the first 
				free-living organism, the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae, 
				pioneering the new whole genome shotgun technique.  
				• In 1998, Venter became the first president of Celera Genomics 
				to sequence the human genome using the whole genome shotgun 
				technique, new mathematical algorithms, and new automated DNA 
				sequencing machines.  
				• The completed sequence of the human genome was published in 
				February 2001 in the journal, Science. In addition to the human 
				genome, Venter and his team at Celera sequenced the fruit fly, 
				mouse, and rat genomes.  
				• In 2003, Venter launched a global expedition to obtain and 
				study microbes from environments ranging from the world’s oceans 
				to urban centers. This mission, now in progress, is yielding 
				insights into genes that make up the vast realm of microbial 
				life. 
				
				Research at the Venter Institute 
				reflects Venter’s interests in advancing the science of genomics 
				and in applying genomic advances to some of the world’s most 
				vexing public health and environmental challenges. Major 
				research foci include human genomic medicine, environmental and 
				evolutionary genomics (which includes the Venter Institute 
				Global Sampling Mission), biological energy production, 
				synthetic biology, and the intersection between genomics and 
				environmental and energy policy.  
				
				  
				
				ALEXANDER VILENKIN - He is Professor of Physics and Director of the Institute of Cosmology at Tufts University. A theoretical 
				physicist who has been working in the field of cosmology for 25 
				years, Vilenkin has written over 150 papers and is responsible 
				for introducing the ideas of eternal inflation and quantum 
				creation of the universe from nothing. He received his 
				undergraduate degree in physics in 1971 in the former Soviet 
				Union but was prevented from getting into graduate school 
				because he was blacklisted by the KGB for refusing to cooperate. 
				He emmigrated to the US in 1976, received his Ph.D. at SUNY 
				Buffalo in 1977, and joined the faculty at Tufts in 1978. His work has been featured 
				in numerous newspaper and magazine articles in US, Europe, 
				Russia, and Japan, and in many popular books.  
				
				  
				
				
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				MARGARET WERTHEIM - She  is a science writer and commentator who has 
				written extensively for magazines, television and radio. Her 
				articles have appeared in The New York Times, The Sciences, 
				New Scientist, Times Literary Supplement, The Guardian, LA 
				Weekly and Salon. She is the senior science reviewer 
				for The Australian's Review of Books and writes a monthly 
				column on science and society for The Age newspaper in 
				Melbourne. Wertheim is the author of Pythagoras‚ Trousers 
				and The Pearly Gates of Cyberspace: A History of Space from 
				Dante to the Internet. She was the writer and host of "Faith 
				and Reason", a 1998 PBS documentary special about science and 
				religion. She is a Research Associate to the American Museum of 
				Natural History in New York and a fellow of the Los Angeles 
				Institute for the Humanities. 
				Wertheim lectures widely about science and society at 
				universities and colleges across America. In 1998 she was the 
				Australian Broadcasting Corporation's official spokeswoman for 
				Science Week. She has been a guest on the PBS programs "Think 
				Tank" and "Between the Lines," on the Canadian Broadcasting 
				Corporation's "Sunday Morning Live", on ZD-TV's "Silicon Spin," 
				and on ABC Australia's "Two Shot" and "Nightline."  
				
				  
				
				DONALD I. WILLIAMSON 
				- He is a biologist at the Port Erin Marine Station of the University 
				of Liverpool (UK); Author, The Origins of Larvae. 
				
				  
				
				IAN 
				WILMUT -
				
				Roslyn Institute, Edinburgh 
				
				He is a professor and Head of the Department of Gene Expression 
				and Development at the Roslin Institute near Edinburgh, 
				Scotland, is uniquely qualified both as a pioneer in the science 
				of cloning and as a participant in the public discussions of its 
				possible social and ethical consequences. He is the leader of 
				the team that produced Dolly the sheep in 1996, the first animal 
				to be cloned from an adult cell. Since Dolly's birth, he has 
				become something of an international figure as an expert on 
				cloning techniques, and his laboratory continues to play a 
				leading role in the development of methods for the cloning and 
				genetic modification of animals. Dr. Wilmut's own research 
				centers on the cloning of human embryos to provide stem cells 
				for treatment of degenerative disorders such as diabetes and 
				Parkinson's disease. He has been a frequent advocate of the 
				medical benefits to be derived from this new technology, giving 
				many public lectures on the subject and participating in 
				numerous panel discussions on the potential uses and misuses of 
				cloning. He has also testified in the United Kingdom, France, 
				and the United States before parliamentary and congressional 
				committees considering the legislative regulation of cloning. 
				Dr. Wilmut has a distinguished record of ground-breaking 
				biological research. He obtained a B.Sc. in Agricultural Science 
				at the University of Nottingham before studying at the University 
				of Cambridge, where he was awarded a Ph.D. in 1971. His subsequent research in
				Cambridge led to the birth 
				of the first calf from a frozen embryo — "Frosty" — in 1973. He 
				moved to Edinburgh that year and has worked there ever since. 
				Besides heading a department at the Roslin Institute, he serves 
				as scientific advisor to Geron Bio-Med, a wholly owned 
				subsidiary of the Geron Corp of Menlo Park, California. The objectives of 
				current research are to develop biomedical applications of the 
				nuclear-transfer procedure: these include the provision of 
				modified animal organs and human stem cells for therapy. Ian Wilmut's work has been 
				recognized by many awards and honorary degrees. In 2000, he was 
				elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, the highest 
				Scottish society of learning, and in the previous year was made 
				a member of the Order of the British Empire by Queen Elizabeth 
				II. Other awards include a fellowship in the Academy of Medical Sciences, the Lord Lloyd 
				of Kilgerran Prize, the Sir John Hammond Memorial Prize of the 
				Society for the Study of Fertility, the Sir William Young Award 
				of the Royal Highland & Agricultural Society of Scotland, and 
				the Research Medal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England. 
				In addition to his many research papers, Dr. Wilmut has written 
				a large number of popular articles on the subject of cloning, 
				including pieces for Time, New Scientist, and Scientific 
				American. In 2000, with coauthors Colin Tudge and Keith 
				Campbell, he published The Second Creation: Dolly and the Age 
				of Biological Control, which describes the research leading 
				to the birth of Dolly and initial impressions of the value of 
				cloning techniques. Publicity for the book was shared among the 
				authors; Dr. Wilmut spoke at book publicity events in London, Cardiff, Dublin, Edinburgh, and Munich, and gave 
				many interviews to newspapers, magazines, radio, and television. 
				He plans to publicize the book in his public lectures and 
				articles as well as participate in tours to promote After 
				Dolly: The Uses and Misuses of Cloning.  
				
				  
				
				ELLEN WINNER -
				
				Ellen Winner's Home Page 
				
				She is a psychologist at 
				Boston College. Her research focuses on 
				two areas of research on cognition in the arts. (1) The study of 
				the creative process in the visual arts, including what broad 
				thinking dispositions are acquired by studying the arts, how 
				students make sense of the arts, the role of arts in their lives 
				and how students learn by reflecting on their portfolios; (2) 
				The study of the effects of music training on children's brain 
				growth (through brain imaging) and on their cognition (musical, 
				spatial, and verbal) and motoric development. This research is 
				based on a view of the arts as cognitive as well as affective, 
				and on the assumption that the arts are a central aspect of 
				human behavior which must be incoporated into our understading 
				of human development and education. She is the author of 
				Gifted Children: Myths and Reality; The Point of Words: 
				Children's Understanding of Metaphor and Irony; Invented Worlds.
				
				Ellen Winner's Boston College Web Page; 
				 
				
				  
				
				
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				ANTON ZEILINGER -
				
				
				Anton Zeilinger's Group Home Page at University of Vienna 
				
				He is a physicist 
				who has held teaching and research positions at M.I.T., the 
				Universities of Innsbruck and Oxford, at the Technical 
				Universities of Vienna and Munich, at the College de France in 
				Paris. Presently he is a Professor of Physics at the University 
				of Vienna. 
				His work has received world-wide attention, most notably his 
				first realization of quantum teleportation and most recently our 
				quantum interference experiments with buckyball molecules, the 
				largest objects ever to have demonstrated quantum phenomena. In 
				terms of research his next goal is to extend the validity of 
				quantum phenomena experimentally to the realm of even larger 
				objects and perhaps even to life itself.
				He has written a number of articles on quantum physics for a 
				general audience in journals like Scientific American, 
				Nature, Science, Neue Zurcher Zeitung and Frankfurter 
				Allgemeine Zeitung. 
				
				
				
				"Quantum Teleportation", cover story, Scientific 
				American, 
				
				  
				
				IAN McEWAN 
				Novelist; Author, Saturday 
				
				ROBERT TRIVERS 
				Evolutionary biologist, Rutgers University; Author, Natural 
				Selection and Social Theory 
				RANDOLPH NESSE, M.D. 
				OLIVER MORTON 
				Writer; Contributing Editor, Wired, Newsweek 
				International; Author, Mapping Mars. 
				TOR NØRRETRANDERS 
				Science Writer; Consultant; Lecturer, Copenhagen; 
				Author, The User Illusion 
				CAROLYN PORCO 
				Planetary Scientist; Leader, Cassini Imaging 
				Team; Director, CICLOPS, Space Science Institute, Boulder 
				
				RUDY RUCKER 
				Mathematician, Computer 
				Scientist; CyberPunk Pioneer; Novelist; Author, 
				Infinity and the Mind 
				CHRISTINE FINN 
				Archaeologist; Journalist; Writer-in-Residence, 
				University of Bradford; Author, Past Poetic 
				JONATHAN HAIDT 
				Psychologist, University of Virginia 
				
				SETH LLOYD 
				Quantum Mechanical Engineer, 
				Massachusetts Institute of Technology 
				
				MARGARET WERTHEIM 
				Science writer and Commentator; Author, 
				Pythagoras' Trousers 
				REBECCA GOLDSTEIN 
				Philosopher and Novelist, Trinity College; 
				Author, Incompleteness 
				DAVID MYERS 
				 
				Psychologist, 
				Hope College; Author, 
				Intuition 
				
				MARIA SPIROPULU 
				Physicist, currently at CERN 
				
				LEON LEDERMAN 
				Physicist and Nobel Laureate; 
				Director Emeritus, Fermilab; Coauthor, 
				The God Particle  
				MICHAEL SHERMER 
				Publisher, Skeptic magazine; 
				Columnist, Scientific American; Author 
				Science Friction  
				MIHALY CSIKSZENTMIHALYI 
				 
				Psychologist; Director, Quality of 
				Life Research Center, Claremont Graduate University; Author, 
				Flow  
				
				JEAN PAUL SCHMETZ 
				Economist; Managing Director of CyberLab Interactive 
				Productions GmbH (Burda Media Group 
				
				ALAN KAY 
				 
				Computer Scientist; Personal Computer Visionary, Senior 
				Fellow, HP Labs  
				ROGER SCHANK
				 
				Psychologist & Computer Scientist; Author, 
				Designing World-Class E-Learning 
				SAM HARRIS 
				Neuroscience Graduate Student, UCLA; Author, 
				The End of Faith  
				
				GREGORY BENFORD 
				Physicist, UC Irvine; Author, Deep Time  
				
				GINO SEGRE 
				 
				Physicist, University of Pennsylvania; Author,
				A Matter of Degrees 
				PIET HUT 
				Astrophysicist, Institute of Advanced Study 
				SCOTT ATRAN 
				Anthropologist, University of 
				Michigan; Author, In God's 
				We Trust 
				  
				
				
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				KAI KRAUSE 
				Software: Concepts, Artwork & Interface Design; Byteburg 
				Research Lab above the Rhein River 
				KEITH DEVLIN 
				Mathematician, Stanford University; Author, 
				The Millennium Problems 
				
				ROBERT SAPOLSKY
				 
				Neuroscientist, Stanford University, Author, 
				A Primate's Memoir 
				
				PHILIP W. ANDERSON 
				Physicist and Nobel laureate, 
				Princeton University 
				
				JANNA LEVIN 
				 
				Physicist, Columbia University; Author, How The 
				Universe Got Its Spots 
				
				STEPHEN KOSSLYN 
				 
				Psychologist, Harvard 
				University; Author, Wet 
				Mind 
				HAIM HARARI 
				Physicist, former President, Weizmann Institute of 
				Science 
				
				DONALD HOFFMAN 
				Cognitive Scientist, UC, Irvine; Author, 
				Visual Intelligence
				 
				BRIAN GOODWIN 
				 
				Biologist, Schumacher College, Devon, UK; Author, 
				How The Leopard Changed Its Spots  
				
				ANTON ZEILINGER 
				ALEXANDER VILENKIN
				 
				Physicist; Institute of Cosmology, Tufts University  
				
				PAUL STEINHARDT 
				Albert Einstein Professor of Physics, Princeton 
				University.  
				
				CARLO ROVELLI 
				Physicist; Institut Universitaire de France & University of 
				the Mediterraneum; Author, Quantum Gravity 
				DANIEL GOLEMAN  
				Psychologist; Author, Emotional Intelligence  
				
				TERRENCE SEJNOWSKI 
				Computational Neuroscientist, Howard Hughes Medical 
				Institute; Coauthor, The Computational Brain 
				
				ELLEN WINNER 
				Psychologist, Boston College; Author, Gifted 
				Children 
				STANISLAS DEHAENE 
				Cognitive Neuropsychology Researcher, 
				Institut National de la Santé, Paris; Author, The Number 
				Sense 
				HOWARD RHEINGOLD 
				Communications Expert; 
				Author, Smart Mobs  
				PAMELA McCORDUCK 
				Writer; Author, 
				Machines Who Think  
				
				DOUGLAS RUSHKOFF 
				Media Analyst; Documentary 
				Writer; Author, Media Virus 
				NED BLOCK 
				Philosopher and Psychologist, New York University 
				VERENA HUBER-DYSON 
				Mathematician, Emeritus Professor, Dept of Philosophy, 
				University of Calgary; 
				Author, Gödel's Theorems 
				W. DANIEL HILLIS 
				Physicist, Computer Scientist; Chairman, Applied Minds, 
				Inc.; Author, The Pattern on the Stone 
				
				ROBERT R. PROVINE 
				Psychologist and Neuroscientist, University of Maryland; 
				Author, Laughter  
				
				PAUL BLOOM 
				Psychologist, Yale University; Author, 
				Descartes' Baby 
				
				DAVID BUSS 
				Psychologist, 
				University of Texas, Austin; Author, 
				The Evolution of Desire 
				
				JORDAN POLLACK 
				 
				Computer Scientist, 
				Brandeis University 
				  
				
				
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				PHILIP ZIMBARDO 
				Psychologist, Emeritus Professor, Stanford 
				University; Author, Shyness 
				ALUN ANDERSON 
				Editor-in-Chief, New Scientist 
				
				ESTHER DYSON 
				 
				Editor of Release 1.0; 
				Trustee, Long Now Foundation; Author, 
				Release 2.0  
				
				J. CRAIG VENTER 
				Genomics Researcher; 
				Founder & President, J. Craig Venter Science Foundation 
				
				SIMON BARON-COHEN 
				Psychologist, Autism 
				Research Centre, Cambridge University; Author, 
				The Essential Difference 
				STEPHEN PETRANEK 
				Editor-in-Chief, 
				Discover Magazine  
				
				JOHN BARROW 
				Cosmologist, Cambridge 
				University; Author, The 
				Infinite Book 
				
				JOHN R. SKOYLES 
				Neuroscience researcher; Coauthor, Up From Dragons 
				THOMAS METZINGER 
				Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Author, Being No 
				One 
				ALEX (SANDY) PENTLAND 
				Computer Scientist, MIT 
				Media Laboratory 
				
				JARON LANIER 
				Computer Scientist and Musician 
				RAY KURZWEIL 
				Inventor and Technologist; 
				Author, The Age of 
				Spiritual Machines 
				
				STEWART KAUFFMAN 
				 
				Biologist, Santa Fe 
				Institute; Author, 
				Investigations  
				
				JESSE BERING 
				Psychologist, University of
				Arkansas 
				
				IRENE PEPPERBERG 
				Research Scientist, MIT 
				School of Architecture and Planning; Author,
				The Alex Studies 
				
				CLIFFORD PICKOVER 
				Computer scientist, IBM's T. J. Watson Research 
				Center; Author, Calculus and Pizza 
				NASSIM NICHOLAS TALEB 
				Mathematical trader; 
				Author, Fooled By 
				Randomness 
				
				ELIZABETH SPELKE 
				Psychologist, Harvard University  
				SUSAN BLACKMORE 
				Psychologist, Visiting Lecturer, University of 
				the West of England, Bristol; Author The Meme Machine 
				
				FREEMAN DYSON 
				 
				Physicist, Institute of Advanced Study, Author,
				Disturbing the Universe 
				
				DANIEL GILBERT 
				 
				Psychologist, Harvard 
				University 
				MARTIN E.P. SELIGMAN 
				Psychologist, University of Pennsylvania, Author,
				Authentic Happiness 
				
				PAUL DAVIES 
				Physicist, Macquarie University, Sydney; Author,
				How to Build a Time Machine  
				
				ALISON GOPNIK 
				Psychologist, UC-Berkeley; Coauthor, The 
				Scientist In the Crib 
				
				STEVEN PINKER 
				 
				Psychologist, Harvard University; Author, 
				The Blank Slate 
				
				JOSEPH LEDOUX 
				 
				Neuroscientist, New 
				York University; Author, 
				The Synaptic Self 
				
				LAWRENCE KRAUSS  
				Physicist, Case Western Reserve University; Author, 
				Atom 
				MARC D. HAUSER 
				Psychologist, Harvard University: 
				Author, Wild Minds 
				WILLIAM CALVIN 
				 
				Neurobiologist, University of 
				Washington; Author, A Brief History of the Mind 
				 
				DANIEL C. DENNETT 
				Philosopher, Tufts University 
				Author, Freedom Evolves 
				NICHOLAS HUMPHREY 
				 
				Psychologist, London School of 
				Economics; Author, The 
				Mind Made Flesh 
				HOWARD GARDNER 
				 
				Psychologist, Harvard University; Author, 
				Changing Minds 
				LEE SMOLIN 
				 
				Physicist, Perimeter Institute; Author, Three Roads to 
				Quantum Gravity 
				RUPERT SHELDRAKE 
				Biologist, London; Author of The Presence of the 
				Past 
				DR. JEFFREY MISHLOVE  
				
				  
				
				
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